In Ghostly Japan, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 3, sentence 45
Perhaps the curious title of the narrative is best explained by the Buddhist teaching that the dead have power to injure the living only in consequence of evil actions committed by their victims in some former life.
Who acts: Buddhist teaching, dead · What happens: explain, have, injure, commit, title · To what, where: curious title, power, living, consequence, evil actions, former life
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Buddhist teaching, dead), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Perhaps | perhaps | ADV | _ | 4 title | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 title | det |
| 3 | curious | curious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 title | amod |
| 4 | title | title | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 explained | nsubj:pass |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 narrative | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 narrative | det |
| 7 | narrative | narrative | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 title | nmod |
| 8 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 explained | aux:pass |
| 9 | best | well | ADV | Degree=Sup | 10 explained | advmod |
| 10 | explained | explain | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 11 | by | by | ADP | _ | 14 teaching | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 teaching | det |
| 13 | Buddhist | buddhist | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 teaching | amod |
| 14 | teaching | teaching | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 explained | obl |
| 15 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 18 have | mark |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 dead | det |
| 17 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 have | nsubj |
| 18 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 teaching | acl |
| 19 | power | power | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 have | obj |
| 20 | to | to | PART | _ | 21 injure | mark |
| 21 | injure | injure | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 19 power | acl |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 living | det |
| 23 | living | living | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 injure | obj |
| 24 | only | only | ADV | _ | 26 consequence | advmod |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 consequence | case |
| 26 | consequence | consequence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 injure | obl |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 actions | case |
| 28 | evil | evil | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 actions | amod |
| 29 | actions | action | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 consequence | nmod |
| 30 | committed | commit | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 29 actions | acl |
| 31 | by | by | ADP | _ | 33 victims | case |
| 32 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 victims | nmod:poss |
| 33 | victims | victim | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 committed | obl |
| 34 | in | in | ADP | _ | 37 life | case |
| 35 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 37 life | det |
| 36 | former | former | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 life | amod |
| 37 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 committed | obl |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 explained | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | explain speech: assert | present · passive | the Buddhist teaching | the curious title of the narrative | well property | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Topic | |||
| 2 | have | present | the dead | power | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent power=Patient | ||||
| 3 | injure | to-infinitive | the dead not said here | the living | consequence of evil actions | tree rules | |||
| 4 | commit | participle | evil actions not said here | some former life | by actions's victims | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in life=Destination | |||
| 5 | title | the narrative | nom title «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/26/45/