In Ghostly Japan, Story of a Tengu[1], sentence 116
I reflected that were any evil to befall me out there in the night,—meddling, or seeming to meddle, with the lights of the Dead,—I should myself furnish the subject of some future weird legend….
Who acts: I · What happens: reflect, be, befall out, meddle, seem, furnish · To what, where: evil, me, lights, subject, Dead
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Story of a Tengu[1]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 2 reflected | nsubj |
| 2 | reflected | reflect | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 6 evil | mark |
| 4 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 evil | cop |
| 5 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 6 evil | det |
| 6 | evil | evil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 reflected | ccomp |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 befall | mark |
| 8 | befall | befall | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 reflected | advcl |
| 9 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 8 befall | obj |
| 10 | out | out | ADP | _ | 8 befall | compound:prt |
| 11 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 8 befall | advmod |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 night | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 night | det |
| 14 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 befall | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 meddling | punct |
| 16 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 17 meddling | punct |
| 17 | meddling | meddle | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 reflected | advcl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 seeming | punct |
| 19 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 20 seeming | cc |
| 20 | seeming | seem | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 17 meddling | conj |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 22 meddle | mark |
| 22 | meddle | meddle | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 seeming | xcomp |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 lights | punct |
| 24 | with | with | ADP | _ | 26 lights | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 lights | det |
| 26 | lights | light | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 meddle | obj |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 Dead | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 Dead | det |
| 29 | Dead | Dead | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 lights | nmod |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 meddling | punct |
| 31 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 35 furnish | punct |
| 32 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 35 furnish | nsubj |
| 33 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 35 furnish | aux |
| 34 | myself | myself | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 35 furnish | nsubj |
| 35 | furnish | furnish | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 reflected | conj |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 subject | det |
| 37 | subject | subject | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 furnish | obj |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 42 legend | case |
| 39 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 42 legend | nsubj |
| 40 | future | future | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 legend | amod |
| 41 | weird | weird | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 legend | amod |
| 42 | legend | legend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 subject | nmod |
| 43 | …. | .. | PUNCT | _ | 2 reflected | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | reflect | past | I | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | is a | past | I not said here | any evil | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | befall out | to-infinitive | I not said here | me | there | night | tree rules | ||
| 4 | meddle | gerund | I not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | seem | gerund | I not said here | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute | |||||
| 6 | meddle | to-infinitive | I not said here | the lights of the Dead | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | furnish | should | I | the subject of future weird legend | myself nsubj | vn fulfilling-13.4.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Recipient | |||
| 8 | light | the Dead | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/27/116/