In Ghostly Japan, Story of a Tengu[1], sentence 117
I whispered the Buddhist formula of farewell—to the lights,—and made speed for shore.
Who acts: I · What happens: whisper, make · To what, where: Buddhist formula, lights, speed
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Story of a Tengu[1]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 2 whispered | nsubj |
| 2 | whispered | whisper | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 formula | det |
| 4 | Buddhist | buddhist | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 formula | amod |
| 5 | formula | formula | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 whispered | obj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 farewell | case |
| 7 | farewell | farewell | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 formula | nmod |
| 8 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 11 lights | punct |
| 9 | to | to | ADP | _ | 11 lights | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 lights | det |
| 11 | lights | light | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 whispered | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 made | punct |
| 13 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 15 made | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 made | cc |
| 15 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 whispered | parataxis |
| 16 | speed | speed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 made | obj |
| 17 | for | for | ADP | _ | 18 shore | case |
| 18 | shore | shore | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 made | obl |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 whispered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | whisper speech: assert | past | I | the Buddhist formula of farewell | the lights | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent formula=Topic to light=Recipient | |||
| 2 | make | past | speed | for shore | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent speed=Product for shore=Asset |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/27/117/