In Ghostly Japan, Story of a Tengu[1], sentence 118

As I touched the stones again, I was startled by seeing two white shadows before me; but a kindly voice, asking if the water was cold, set me at ease.

Who acts: I, water · What happens: touch, startle, see, ask, be, set · To what, where: stones, I, two white shadows, me, ease · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Story of a Tengu[1]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	As	as	SCONJ	_	3 touched	mark
2	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 touched	nsubj
3	touched	touch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 startled	advcl
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 stones	det
5	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 touched	obj
6	again	again	ADV	_	3 touched	advmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 touched	punct
8	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	10 startled	nsubj
9	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 startled	aux:pass
10	startled	startle	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
11	by	by	SCONJ	_	12 seeing	mark
12	seeing	see	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	10 startled	advcl
13	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	15 shadows	nummod
14	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 shadows	amod
15	shadows	shadow	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 seeing	obj
16	before	before	ADP	_	17 me	case
17	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	12 seeing	obl
18	;	;	PUNCT	_	22 voice	punct
19	but	but	CCONJ	_	22 voice	cc
20	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	22 voice	det
21	kindly	kindly	ADV	_	22 voice	advmod
22	voice	voice	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 startled	obl
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 asking	punct
24	asking	ask	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 startled	conj
25	if	if	SCONJ	_	29 cold	mark
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 water	det
27	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 cold	nsubj
28	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	29 cold	cop
29	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 set	advcl
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 cold	punct
31	set	set	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	24 asking	ccomp
32	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	31 set	obj
33	at	at	ADP	_	34 ease	case
34	ease	ease	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 set	obl
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 startled	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	touch	past	I	the stones		again		vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme stone=Co-Theme
2	startle	past · passive		I			a voice obl	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer
3	see	gerund		two white shadows		before me		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer shadow=Stimulus
4	ask speech: ask	gerund						vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
5	is a condition, not said to happen	past	the water				cold property	tree rules
6	set	infinitive		me	ease			vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent i=Theme at ease=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/27/118/

🌲 In Ghostly Japan, Story of a Tengu[1], sentence 118

The tree

Pragmatics

In Ghostly Japan, Story of a Tengu[1], sentence 118