In Ghostly Japan, Story of a Tengu[1], sentence 137
“She had a lover in Ajiro, several _ri_ distant; and she used to swim to him at night, and swim back in the morning.
Who acts: daughter, you · What happens: have, use, swim, swim back · To what, where: lover, Ajiro, ri
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Story of a Tengu[1]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (daughter, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 had | punct |
| 2 | She | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 had | nsubj |
| 3 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 swim | advcl |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 lover | det |
| 5 | lover | lover | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 had | obj |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 Ajiro | case |
| 7 | Ajiro | Ajiro | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 lover | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 several | punct |
| 9 | several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 had | obj |
| 10 | _ | _ | ADP | _ | 11 ri | case |
| 11 | ri | RI | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 several | obl |
| 12 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 13 distant | punct |
| 13 | distant | distant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 several | conj |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 used | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 used | cc |
| 16 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 used | nsubj |
| 17 | used | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 had | conj |
| 18 | to | to | PART | _ | 19 swim | mark |
| 19 | swim | swim | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 used | xcomp |
| 20 | to | to | ADP | _ | 21 him | case |
| 21 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 swim | obl |
| 22 | at | at | ADP | _ | 23 night | case |
| 23 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 swim | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 swim | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 swim | cc |
| 26 | swim | swim | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 27 | back | back | ADV | _ | 26 swim | advmod |
| 28 | in | in | ADP | _ | 30 morning | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 morning | det |
| 30 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 swim | obl |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 26 swim | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have in a quote | past | daughter | a lover | Ajiro | tree rules | |||
| 2 | use in a quote | past | daughter | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | swim in a quote | to-infinitive | daughter not said here | ri | night | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to he=Destination | |||
| 4 | swim back in a quote | imperative | you not said here | morning | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/27/137/