In Ghostly Japan, Story of a Tengu[1], sentence 138
He kept a light burning to guide her.
Who acts: Otokichi, light · What happens: keep, burn, guide · To what, where: light, daughter
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Story of a Tengu[1]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Otokichi, light), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 kept | nsubj |
| 2 | kept | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 light | det |
| 4 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 kept | obj |
| 5 | burning | burn | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 kept | xcomp |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 guide | mark |
| 7 | guide | guide | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 burning | xcomp |
| 8 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 guide | obj |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 kept | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | keep | past | Otokichi | a light | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | burn | gerund | a light not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | guide | to-infinitive | a light not said here | daughter | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/27/138/