In Ghostly Japan, Story of a Tengu[1], sentence 156
I have noticed that even animals,—horses and cows,—become meditative in the presence of the sea: they stand and stare and listen as if the sight and sound of that immensity made them forget all else in the world.
Who acts: I, animals, horses, sight · What happens: notice, become, stand, stare, listen, make · To what, where: horses, world
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Story of a Tengu[1]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, animals, horses, sight), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 noticed | nsubj |
| 2 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 noticed | aux |
| 3 | noticed | notice | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 14 become | mark |
| 5 | even | even | ADV | _ | 6 animals | advmod |
| 6 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 become | nsubj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 animals | punct |
| 8 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 9 horses | punct |
| 9 | horses | horse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 become | nsubj |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 cows | cc |
| 11 | cows | cow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 horses | conj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 become | punct |
| 13 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 14 become | punct |
| 14 | become | become | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 noticed | advcl |
| 15 | meditative | meditative | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 become | xcomp |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 presence | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 presence | det |
| 18 | presence | presence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 meditative | obl |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 sea | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 sea | det |
| 21 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 presence | nmod |
| 22 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 24 stand | punct |
| 23 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 stand | nsubj |
| 24 | stand | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 noticed | parataxis |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 stare | cc |
| 26 | stare | stare | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 stand | conj |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 listen | cc |
| 28 | listen | listen | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 stand | conj |
| 29 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 38 made | mark |
| 30 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 38 made | mark |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 sight | det |
| 32 | sight | sight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 made | nsubj |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 sound | cc |
| 34 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 sight | conj |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 37 immensity | case |
| 36 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 37 immensity | det |
| 37 | immensity | immensity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 sound | nmod |
| 38 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 listen | advcl |
| 39 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 made | obj |
| 40 | forget | forget | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 38 made | xcomp |
| 41 | all | all | ADV | _ | 42 else | advmod |
| 42 | else | else | ADV | _ | 40 forget | advmod |
| 43 | in | in | ADP | _ | 45 world | case |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 world | det |
| 45 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 forget | obl |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 noticed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | notice | present · perfect | I | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | become | infinitive | animals | horses and cows nsubj; meditative property | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 3 | stand | present | horses = horse | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | stare | present | horses = horse not said here | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | listen | present | horses = horse not said here | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | make | past | the sight and sound of that immensity | horses = horse | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | forget | infinitive | horses = horse not said here | the world | else property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/27/156/