In Ghostly Japan, Story of a Tengu[1], sentence 157
There is a folk-saying of the coast:—“_The Sea has a soul and hears_.”
Who acts: folk saying, Sea · What happens: be, have, hear, say · To what, where: soul, coast · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Story of a Tengu[1]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (folk saying, Sea), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | There | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 2 is | expl |
| 2 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 saying | det |
| 4 | folk | folk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 saying | compound |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 4 folk | punct |
| 6 | saying | saying | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 is | nsubj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 coast | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 coast | det |
| 9 | coast | coast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 saying | nmod |
| 10 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 2 is | punct |
| 11 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 16 has | punct |
| 12 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 16 has | punct |
| 13 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 16 has | punct |
| 14 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 Sea | det |
| 15 | Sea | Sea | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 has | nsubj |
| 16 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 is | parataxis |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 soul | det |
| 18 | soul | soul | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 has | obj |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 hears | cc |
| 20 | hears | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 has | conj |
| 21 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 20 hears | punct |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 is | punct |
| 23 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 is | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | present | a folk saying of the coast | there | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | have in a quote | present | the Sea | a soul | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent soul=Patient | ||||
| 3 | hear in a quote | present | the Sea not said here | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 4 | say | the coast | nom saying «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/27/157/