In Ghostly Japan, Story of a Tengu[1], sentence 3
In Japanese popular art, the Tengu are commonly represented either as winged men with beak-shaped noses, or as birds of prey.
What happens: represent, wing, shape · To what, where: Tengu, Japanese popular art
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Story of a Tengu[1]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 4 art | case |
| 2 | Japanese | Japanese | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 art | amod |
| 3 | popular | popular | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 art | amod |
| 4 | art | art | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 represented | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 art | punct |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 Tengu | det |
| 7 | Tengu | Tengu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 represented | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 represented | aux:pass |
| 9 | commonly | commonly | ADV | _ | 10 represented | advmod |
| 10 | represented | represent | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 11 | either | either | CCONJ | _ | 12 as | cc:preconj |
| 12 | as | as | ADP | _ | 14 men | case |
| 13 | winged | wing | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 men | amod |
| 14 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 represented | obl |
| 15 | with | with | ADP | _ | 19 noses | case |
| 16 | beak | beak | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 shaped | compound |
| 17 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 16 beak | punct |
| 18 | shaped | shape | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 noses | amod |
| 19 | noses | nose | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 men | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 birds | punct |
| 21 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 23 birds | cc |
| 22 | as | as | ADP | _ | 23 birds | case |
| 23 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 represented | conj |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 prey | case |
| 25 | prey | prey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 birds | nmod |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 represented | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | represent | present · passive | the Tengu | Japanese popular art | as winged men with shaped noses; birds of prey conj; commonly property | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Theme as man=Attribute | |||
| 2 | wing | participle | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | shape | participle | beak compound | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/27/3/