In Ghostly Japan, Story of a Tengu[1], sentence 40
The day waned and passed, and the darkness came; but the old priest waited patiently beneath a tree, keeping his eyes closed.
Who acts: day, darkness, old priest, eyes · What happens: wane, pass, come, wait, keep, close · To what, where: tree, eyes
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Story of a Tengu[1]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (day, darkness, old priest, eyes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 day | det |
| 2 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 waned | nsubj |
| 3 | waned | wane | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 passed | cc |
| 5 | passed | pass | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 waned | conj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 came | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 came | cc |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 darkness | det |
| 9 | darkness | darkness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 came | nsubj |
| 10 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 passed | conj |
| 11 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 waited | punct |
| 12 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 16 waited | cc |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 priest | det |
| 14 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 priest | amod |
| 15 | priest | priest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 waited | nsubj |
| 16 | waited | wait | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 waned | conj |
| 17 | patiently | patiently | ADV | _ | 16 waited | advmod |
| 18 | beneath | beneath | ADP | _ | 20 tree | case |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 tree | det |
| 20 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 waited | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 keeping | punct |
| 22 | keeping | keep | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 16 waited | advcl |
| 23 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 eyes | nmod:poss |
| 24 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 keeping | obj |
| 25 | closed | close | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 keeping | xcomp |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 waned | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | wane | past | the day | vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 2 | pass | past | the day not said here | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | come | past | the darkness | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | wait | past | the old priest | a tree | patiently property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme beneath tree=Location | |||
| 5 | keep | gerund | the old priest not said here | priest's eyes | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | close | participle | priest's eyes not said here | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/27/40/