In Ghostly Japan, Story of a Tengu[1], sentence 41
At last a voice suddenly resounded above him,—a wonderful voice, deep and clear like the pealing of a mighty bell,—the voice of the Buddha Sâkyamuni proclaiming the Perfect Way.
Who acts: last voice, voice, mighty bell · What happens: resound, proclaim, peal · To what, where: wonderful voice, Perfect Way
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Story of a Tengu[1]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (last voice, voice, mighty bell), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 2 last | case |
| 2 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 voice | amod |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 voice | det |
| 4 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 resounded | nsubj |
| 5 | suddenly | suddenly | ADV | _ | 6 resounded | advmod |
| 6 | resounded | resound | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | above | above | ADP | _ | 8 him | case |
| 8 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 resounded | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 resounded | punct |
| 10 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 13 voice | punct |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 voice | det |
| 12 | wonderful | wonderful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 voice | amod |
| 13 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 resounded | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 deep | punct |
| 15 | deep | deep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 voice | amod |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 clear | cc |
| 17 | clear | clear | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 deep | conj |
| 18 | like | like | ADP | _ | 20 pealing | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 pealing | det |
| 20 | pealing | pealing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 deep | obl |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 bell | case |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 bell | det |
| 23 | mighty | mighty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 bell | amod |
| 24 | bell | bell | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 pealing | nmod |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 voice | punct |
| 26 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 28 voice | punct |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 voice | det |
| 28 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 voice | conj |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 Buddha | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 Buddha | det |
| 31 | Buddha | Buddha | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 voice | nmod |
| 32 | Sâkyamuni | Sâkyamuni | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 Buddha | flat |
| 33 | proclaiming | proclaim | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 28 voice | acl |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 Way | det |
| 35 | Perfect | Perfect | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 Way | compound |
| 36 | Way | Way | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 proclaiming | obj |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 resounded | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | resound | past | a last voice | a wonderful voice and the voice of the Buddha | above priest; suddenly property | vn sound_existence-47.4 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme above he=Location | |||
| 2 | proclaim | gerund | the voice of the Buddha not said here | the Perfect Way | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Theme | ||||
| 3 | peal | a mighty bell | nom pealing «event intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/27/41/