In Ghostly Japan, Story of a Tengu[1], sentence 42
Then the priest, opening his eyes in a great radiance, perceived that all things had been changed: the place was indeed the Vulture Peak,—the holy Indian mountain Gridhrakûta; and the time was the time of the Sûtra of the Lotos of the Good Law.
Who acts: priest, place, time · What happens: open, perceive, change, be · To what, where: eyes, great radiance, things, Vulture Peak, time
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Story of a Tengu[1]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (priest, place, time), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 13 perceived | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 priest | det |
| 3 | priest | priest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 perceived | nsubj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 opening | punct |
| 5 | opening | open | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 priest | acl |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 eyes | nmod:poss |
| 7 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 opening | obj |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 radiance | case |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 radiance | det |
| 10 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 radiance | amod |
| 11 | radiance | radiance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 opening | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 perceived | punct |
| 13 | perceived | perceive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 19 changed | mark |
| 15 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 16 things | det |
| 16 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 changed | nsubj:pass |
| 17 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 changed | aux |
| 18 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 19 changed | aux:pass |
| 19 | changed | change | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 perceived | advcl |
| 20 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 27 Peak | punct |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 place | det |
| 22 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 Peak | nsubj |
| 23 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 Peak | cop |
| 24 | indeed | indeed | ADV | _ | 27 Peak | advmod |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 Peak | det |
| 26 | Vulture | Vulture | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 Peak | compound |
| 27 | Peak | Peak | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 perceived | obl |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 mountain | punct |
| 29 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 33 mountain | punct |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 mountain | det |
| 31 | holy | holy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 mountain | amod |
| 32 | Indian | Indian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 mountain | amod |
| 33 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 Peak | appos |
| 34 | Gridhrakûta | Gridhrakûta | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 mountain | appos |
| 35 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 41 time | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 time | cc |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 time | det |
| 38 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 time | nsubj |
| 39 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 41 time | cop |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 time | det |
| 41 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 perceived | obl |
| 42 | of | of | ADP | _ | 44 Sûtra | case |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 Sûtra | det |
| 44 | Sûtra | Sûtra | PROPN | Number=Sing | 41 time | nmod |
| 45 | of | of | ADP | _ | 47 Lotos | case |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 Lotos | det |
| 47 | Lotos | Loto | PROPN | Number=Plur | 44 Sûtra | nmod |
| 48 | of | of | ADP | _ | 51 Law | case |
| 49 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 51 Law | det |
| 50 | Good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 51 Law | amod |
| 51 | Law | law | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 Lotos | nmod |
| 52 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 perceived | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | open | gerund | the priest not said here | priest's eyes | a great radiance | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent eye=Theme in radiance=Location | |||
| 2 | perceive | past | the priest | then | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | change | past · perfect · passive | all things | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 4 | is a | past | the place | the Vulture Peak | the holy Indian mountain appos; indeed property | tree rules | |||
| 5 | is a | past | the time | the time | of the Sûtra of the Lotos of the Good Law | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/27/42/