In Ghostly Japan, Story of a Tengu[1], sentence 43
Now there were no pines about him, but strange shining trees made of the Seven Precious Substances, with foliage and fruit of gems;—and the ground was covered with Mandârava and Manjûshaka flowers showered from heaven;—and the night was filled with fragrance and splendour and the sweetness of the great Voice.
Who acts: pines, strange shining trees · What happens: be, shine, make, cover, shower, fill · To what, where: strange shining trees, ground, heaven, night
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Story of a Tengu[1]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (pines, strange shining trees), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 were | advmod |
| 2 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 3 were | expl |
| 3 | were | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 47 filled | advcl |
| 4 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 5 pines | det |
| 5 | pines | pine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 were | nsubj |
| 6 | about | about | ADP | _ | 7 him | case |
| 7 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 pines | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 showered | punct |
| 9 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 38 showered | cc |
| 10 | strange | strange | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 trees | amod |
| 11 | shining | shine | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 12 trees | amod |
| 12 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 showered | nsubj |
| 13 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 trees | acl |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 Substances | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 Substances | det |
| 16 | Seven | seven | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 18 Substances | nummod |
| 17 | Precious | precious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 Substances | amod |
| 18 | Substances | substance | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 made | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 foliage | punct |
| 20 | with | with | ADP | _ | 21 foliage | case |
| 21 | foliage | foliage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 Substances | conj |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 fruit | cc |
| 23 | fruit | fruit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 foliage | conj |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 gems | case |
| 25 | gems | gem | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 fruit | nmod |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 13 made | punct |
| 27 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 32 covered | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 covered | cc |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 ground | det |
| 30 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 covered | nsubj:pass |
| 31 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 covered | aux:pass |
| 32 | covered | cover | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 trees | acl |
| 33 | with | with | ADP | _ | 37 flowers | case |
| 34 | Mandârava | Mandârava | PROPN | Number=Sing | 37 flowers | compound |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 Manjûshaka | cc |
| 36 | Manjûshaka | Manjûshaka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 Mandârava | conj |
| 37 | flowers | flower | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 covered | obl |
| 38 | showered | shower | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 were | conj |
| 39 | from | from | ADP | _ | 40 heaven | case |
| 40 | heaven | heaven | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 showered | obl |
| 41 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 3 were | punct |
| 42 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 47 filled | punct |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 47 filled | cc |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 night | det |
| 45 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 filled | nsubj:pass |
| 46 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 47 filled | aux:pass |
| 47 | filled | fill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 48 | with | with | ADP | _ | 49 fragrance | case |
| 49 | fragrance | fragrance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 filled | obl |
| 50 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 51 splendour | cc |
| 51 | splendour | splendour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 fragrance | conj |
| 52 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 54 sweetness | cc |
| 53 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 54 sweetness | det |
| 54 | sweetness | sweetness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 fragrance | conj |
| 55 | of | of | ADP | _ | 58 Voice | case |
| 56 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 58 Voice | det |
| 57 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 58 Voice | amod |
| 58 | Voice | Voice | PROPN | Number=Sing | 54 sweetness | nmod |
| 59 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 47 filled | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | past | no pines about priest | there | now | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 2 | shine | gerund | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | make | participle | strange shining trees not said here | of the Seven Precious Substances and foliage and fruit of gems | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | ||||
| 4 | cover | past · passive | strange shining trees not said here | the ground | with Mandârava flowers | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with flower=Theme | |||
| 5 | shower | past | strange shining trees | heaven | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | fill | past · passive | the night | with fragrance and splendour and the sweetness of the great Voice | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with fragrance=Instrument |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/27/43/