In Ghostly Japan, Story of a Tengu[1], sentence 48
Then forgetting utterly his pledge,—foolishly dreaming that he stood in the very presence of the very Buddha,—he cast himself down in worship with tears of love and thanksgiving; crying out with a loud voice, “_O thou Blessed One!
Who acts: Sâriputra, thou · What happens: forget, dream, stand, cast down, cry out, bless · To what, where: pledge, presence, Sâriputra, worship, O · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Story of a Tengu[1]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sâriputra, thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 2 forgetting | advmod |
| 2 | forgetting | forget | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 9 dreaming | advcl |
| 3 | utterly | utterly | ADV | _ | 5 pledge | advmod |
| 4 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 pledge | nmod:poss |
| 5 | pledge | pledge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 forgetting | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 forgetting | punct |
| 7 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 9 dreaming | punct |
| 8 | foolishly | foolishly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 dreaming | amod |
| 9 | dreaming | dream | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 10 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 12 stood | mark |
| 11 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 stood | nsubj |
| 12 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 dreaming | advcl |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 presence | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 presence | det |
| 15 | very | very | ADV | _ | 16 presence | advmod |
| 16 | presence | presence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 stood | obl |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 Buddha | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 Buddha | det |
| 19 | very | very | ADV | _ | 20 Buddha | advmod |
| 20 | Buddha | Buddha | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 presence | nmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 stood | punct |
| 22 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 24 cast | punct |
| 23 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 cast | nsubj |
| 24 | cast | cast | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 stood | conj |
| 25 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 24 cast | obj |
| 26 | down | down | ADP | _ | 24 cast | compound:prt |
| 27 | in | in | ADP | _ | 28 worship | case |
| 28 | worship | worship | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 cast | obl |
| 29 | with | with | ADP | _ | 30 tears | case |
| 30 | tears | tear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 worship | nmod |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 love | case |
| 32 | love | love | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 tears | nmod |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 thanksgiving | cc |
| 34 | thanksgiving | thanksgiving | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 love | conj |
| 35 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 36 crying | punct |
| 36 | crying | cry | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 9 dreaming | conj |
| 37 | out | out | ADP | _ | 36 crying | compound:prt |
| 38 | with | with | ADP | _ | 41 voice | case |
| 39 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 41 voice | det |
| 40 | loud | loud | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 voice | amod |
| 41 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 crying | obl |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 Blessed | punct |
| 43 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 47 Blessed | punct |
| 44 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 45 O | punct |
| 45 | O | o | NOUN | _ | 47 Blessed | obl |
| 46 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 47 Blessed | nsubj |
| 47 | Blessed | bless | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 dreaming | parataxis |
| 48 | One | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 47 Blessed | obj |
| 49 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 9 dreaming | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | forget | gerund | Sâriputra's pledge | then | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | dream | gerund | vn cognize-85 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 3 | stand | past | Sâriputra | the presence of the Buddha | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in presence=Location | ||||
| 4 | cast down | past | Sâriputra | Sâriputra | worship with tears of love and thanksgiving | vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent himself=Theme in worship=Destination | |||
| 5 | cry out speech: express | gerund | with a loud voice | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with voice=Theme | |||||
| 6 | bless in a quote | past | thou | O | One obj | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme | |||
| 7 | pledge | Sâriputra | nom pledge «possession transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/27/48/