In Ghostly Japan, Story of a Tengu[1], sentence 62
Seaward, over leagues of water, there is a grand view,—a jagged blue range of peaks crowding sharply into the horizon, like prodigious amethysts,—and beyond them, to the left, the glorious spectre of Fuji, towering enormously above everything.
Who acts: grand view, peaks, jagged blue range · What happens: be, crowd, tower · To what, where: horizon, everything
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Story of a Tengu[1]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (grand view, peaks, jagged blue range), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Seaward | Seaward | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 is | dep |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 leagues | punct |
| 3 | over | over | ADP | _ | 4 leagues | case |
| 4 | leagues | league | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Seaward | appos |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 water | case |
| 6 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 leagues | nmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Seaward | punct |
| 8 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 9 is | expl |
| 9 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 view | det |
| 11 | grand | grand | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 view | amod |
| 12 | view | view | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 is | nsubj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 view | punct |
| 14 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 18 range | punct |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 range | det |
| 16 | jagged | jagged | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 range | amod |
| 17 | blue | blue | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 range | amod |
| 18 | range | range | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 view | conj |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 peaks | case |
| 20 | peaks | peak | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 range | nmod |
| 21 | crowding | crowd | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 20 peaks | acl |
| 22 | sharply | sharply | ADV | _ | 21 crowding | advmod |
| 23 | into | into | ADP | _ | 25 horizon | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 horizon | det |
| 25 | horizon | horizon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 crowding | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 amethysts | punct |
| 27 | like | like | ADP | _ | 29 amethysts | case |
| 28 | prodigious | prodigious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 amethysts | amod |
| 29 | amethysts | amethyst | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 range | parataxis |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 them | punct |
| 31 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 34 them | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 them | cc |
| 33 | beyond | beyond | ADP | _ | 34 them | case |
| 34 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 range | nmod |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 left | punct |
| 36 | to | to | ADP | _ | 38 left | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 left | det |
| 38 | left | left | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 range | conj |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 spectre | punct |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 spectre | det |
| 41 | glorious | glorious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 spectre | amod |
| 42 | spectre | spectre | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 range | conj |
| 43 | of | of | ADP | _ | 44 Fuji | case |
| 44 | Fuji | Fuji | PROPN | Number=Sing | 42 spectre | nmod |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 towering | punct |
| 46 | towering | tower | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 18 range | acl |
| 47 | enormously | enormously | ADV | _ | 46 towering | advmod |
| 48 | above | above | ADP | _ | 49 everything | case |
| 49 | everything | everything | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Tot | 46 towering | obl |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 is | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | does | present | a grand view and a jagged blue range of peaks like prodigious amethysts beyond amethysts and the left and the glorious spectre of Fuji | there | Seaward dep | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 2 | crowd | gerund | peaks not said here | the horizon | sharply property | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into horizon=Destination | |||
| 3 | tower | gerund | a jagged blue range of peaks like prodigious amethysts beyond amethysts and the left and the glorious spectre of Fuji not said here | everything | enormously property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme above everything=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/27/62/