In Ghostly Japan, Story of a Tengu[1], sentence 61
Looking landward from the top of the structure, your gaze ranges over the whole town,—a broad space of grey-tiled roofs and weather-worn grey timbers, with here and there a pine-grove marking the place of a temple-court.
Who acts: gaze, pine grove, your · What happens: look, range, tile, wear, mark, gaze · To what, where: whole town, place
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Story of a Tengu[1]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gaze, pine grove, your), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Looking | look | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 ranges | advcl |
| 2 | landward | landward | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 1 Looking | xcomp |
| 3 | from | from | ADP | _ | 5 top | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 top | det |
| 5 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Looking | obl |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 structure | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 structure | det |
| 8 | structure | structure | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 top | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Looking | punct |
| 10 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 gaze | nmod:poss |
| 11 | gaze | gaze | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 ranges | nsubj |
| 12 | ranges | range | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | over | over | ADP | _ | 16 town | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 town | det |
| 15 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 town | amod |
| 16 | town | town | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 ranges | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 town | punct |
| 18 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 21 space | punct |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 space | det |
| 20 | broad | broad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 space | amod |
| 21 | space | space | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 ranges | parataxis |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 roofs | case |
| 23 | grey | grey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 tiled | compound |
| 24 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 23 grey | punct |
| 25 | tiled | tile | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 26 roofs | amod |
| 26 | roofs | roof | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 space | nmod |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 timbers | cc |
| 28 | weather | weather | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 worn | compound |
| 29 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 28 weather | punct |
| 30 | worn | wear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 32 timbers | amod |
| 31 | grey | grey | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 timbers | amod |
| 32 | timbers | timber | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 roofs | conj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 here | punct |
| 34 | with | with | ADP | _ | 35 here | case |
| 35 | here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 21 space | parataxis |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 there | cc |
| 37 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 35 here | expl |
| 38 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 41 grove | det |
| 39 | pine | pine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 grove | compound |
| 40 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 39 pine | punct |
| 41 | grove | grove | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 there | obj |
| 42 | marking | mark | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 41 grove | acl |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 place | det |
| 44 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 marking | obj |
| 45 | of | of | ADP | _ | 49 court | case |
| 46 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 49 court | det |
| 47 | temple | temple | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 court | compound |
| 48 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 47 temple | punct |
| 49 | court | court | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 place | nmod |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 ranges | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | look | gerund | your gaze not said here | from the top of the structure; landward property | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent from top=Theme | ||||
| 2 | range | present | your gaze | the whole town | a broad space of tiled roofs and worn grey timbers parataxis | vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over town=Location | |||
| 3 | tile | participle | grey compound | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | wear | participle | weather compound | vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | mark | gerund | a pine grove not said here | the place of a temple court | vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent place=Destination | ||||
| 6 | gaze | your | nom gaze «act intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/27/61/