In Ghostly Japan, Story of a Tengu[1], sentence 81
Then you see great wooden anchors, shaped like ploughshares, and shod with metal; iron anchors, with four flukes; prodigious wooden mallets, used for driving stakes; and various other implements, still more unfamiliar, of which you cannot even imagine the purpose.
Who acts: you · What happens: see, shape, shoe, use, not imagine · To what, where: great wooden anchors, iron anchors, prodigious wooden mallets, purpose
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Story of a Tengu[1]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 see | advmod |
| 2 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 3 see | nsubj |
| 3 | see | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 anchors | amod |
| 5 | wooden | wooden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 anchors | amod |
| 6 | anchors | anchor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 see | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 shaped | punct |
| 8 | shaped | shape | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 anchors | acl |
| 9 | like | like | ADP | _ | 10 ploughshares | case |
| 10 | ploughshares | ploughshare | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 shaped | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 shod | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 shod | cc |
| 13 | shod | shoe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 see | conj |
| 14 | with | with | ADP | _ | 15 metal | case |
| 15 | metal | metal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 shod | obl |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 anchors | punct |
| 17 | iron | iron | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 anchors | compound |
| 18 | anchors | anchor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 shod | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 flukes | punct |
| 20 | with | with | ADP | _ | 22 flukes | case |
| 21 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 22 flukes | nummod |
| 22 | flukes | fluke | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 shod | obl |
| 23 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 mallets | punct |
| 24 | prodigious | prodigious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 mallets | amod |
| 25 | wooden | wooden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 mallets | amod |
| 26 | mallets | mallet | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 shod | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 used | punct |
| 28 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 26 mallets | acl |
| 29 | for | for | ADP | _ | 31 stakes | case |
| 30 | driving | driving | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 stakes | compound |
| 31 | stakes | stake | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 used | obl |
| 32 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 40 unfamiliar | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 unfamiliar | cc |
| 34 | various | various | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 implements | amod |
| 35 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 implements | amod |
| 36 | implements | implement | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 unfamiliar | nsubj |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 unfamiliar | punct |
| 38 | still | still | ADV | _ | 40 unfamiliar | advmod |
| 39 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 40 unfamiliar | advmod |
| 40 | unfamiliar | unfamiliar | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 see | conj |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 imagine | punct |
| 42 | of | of | ADP | _ | 43 which | case |
| 43 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 48 imagine | obl |
| 44 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 48 imagine | nsubj |
| 45 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 48 imagine | aux |
| 46 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 48 imagine | advmod |
| 47 | even | even | ADV | _ | 48 imagine | advmod |
| 48 | imagine | imagine | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 40 unfamiliar | parataxis |
| 49 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 50 purpose | det |
| 50 | purpose | purpose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 imagine | obj |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 see | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | present | you | great wooden anchors | then | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer anchor=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | shape | participle | great wooden anchors not said here | like ploughshares | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | ||||
| 3 | shoe | past | you not said here | iron anchors | with metal; with four flukes; prodigious wooden mallets obl | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with metal=Theme | |||
| 4 | use | participle | prodigious wooden mallets not said here | for driving stakes | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | not imagine | can | you | the purpose | which obl | vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot purpose=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/27/81/