In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 1, sentence 43
Incense is still burned in the presence of a corpse with the idea that its fragrance shields both corpse and newly-parted soul from malevolent demons; and by the peasants it is often burned also to drive away goblins and the evil powers presiding over diseases.
Who acts: fragrance, peasants, evil powers · What happens: burn, shield, part, drive away, preside · To what, where: Incense, presence, corpse, goblins, diseases
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fragrance, peasants, evil powers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Incense | incense | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 burned | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 burned | aux:pass |
| 3 | still | still | ADV | _ | 4 burned | advmod |
| 4 | burned | burn | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 presence | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 presence | det |
| 7 | presence | presence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 burned | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 corpse | case |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 corpse | det |
| 10 | corpse | corpse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 presence | nmod |
| 11 | with | with | ADP | _ | 13 idea | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 idea | det |
| 13 | idea | idea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 corpse | nmod |
| 14 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 17 shields | mark |
| 15 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 fragrance | nmod:poss |
| 16 | fragrance | fragrance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 shields | nsubj |
| 17 | shields | shield | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 idea | acl |
| 18 | both | both | CCONJ | _ | 19 corpse | cc:preconj |
| 19 | corpse | corpse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 shields | obj |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 soul | cc |
| 21 | newly | newly | ADV | _ | 23 parted | advmod |
| 22 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 21 newly | punct |
| 23 | parted | part | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 soul | amod |
| 24 | soul | soul | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 corpse | conj |
| 25 | from | from | ADP | _ | 27 demons | case |
| 26 | malevolent | malevolent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 demons | amod |
| 27 | demons | demon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 soul | nmod |
| 28 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 36 burned | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 burned | cc |
| 30 | by | by | ADP | _ | 32 peasants | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 peasants | det |
| 32 | peasants | peasant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 burned | obl |
| 33 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 burned | nsubj:pass |
| 34 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 burned | aux:pass |
| 35 | often | often | ADV | _ | 36 burned | advmod |
| 36 | burned | burn | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 burned | advcl |
| 37 | also | also | ADV | _ | 36 burned | advmod |
| 38 | to | to | PART | _ | 39 drive | mark |
| 39 | drive | drive | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 36 burned | advcl |
| 40 | away | away | ADV | _ | 39 drive | advmod |
| 41 | goblins | goblin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 drive | obj |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 powers | cc |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 powers | det |
| 44 | evil | evil | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 powers | amod |
| 45 | powers | power | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 goblins | conj |
| 46 | presiding | preside | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 45 powers | acl |
| 47 | over | over | ADP | _ | 48 diseases | case |
| 48 | diseases | disease | NOUN | Number=Plur | 46 presiding | obl |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 burned | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | burn | present · passive | Incense | the presence of a corpse with the idea | still | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme | |||
| 2 | shield | present | Incense's fragrance | corpse and parted soul from malevolent demons | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | part | participle | newly property | vn separate-23.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 4 | burn | present · passive | the peasants | Incense | often property | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | |||
| 5 | drive away | to-infinitive | the peasants not said here | goblins and the evil powers | away property | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent goblin=Theme | |||
| 6 | preside | gerund | the evil powers not said here | diseases | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/3/43/