In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 1, sentence 76
He had learned, as a student of the old Chinese philosophy, to believe in divination long before he thought of practising it.
Who acts: burning · What happens: learn, believe, think, practise · To what, where: divination
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (burning), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 learned | nsubj |
| 2 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 learned | aux |
| 3 | learned | learn | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 student | punct |
| 5 | as | as | ADP | _ | 7 student | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 student | det |
| 7 | student | student | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 learned | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 philosophy | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 philosophy | det |
| 10 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 philosophy | amod |
| 11 | Chinese | Chinese | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 philosophy | amod |
| 12 | philosophy | philosophy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 student | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 believe | punct |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 believe | mark |
| 15 | believe | believe | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 learned | conj |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 divination | case |
| 17 | divination | divination | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 believe | obl |
| 18 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 17 divination | advmod |
| 19 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 21 thought | mark |
| 20 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 thought | nsubj |
| 21 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 believe | advcl |
| 22 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 23 practising | mark |
| 23 | practising | practise | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 21 thought | advcl |
| 24 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 practising | obj |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 learned | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | learn | past · perfect | burning | as a student of the old Chinese philosophy | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | believe | to-infinitive | burning not said here | divination | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | think speech: other | past | burning | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | practise | gerund | burning not said here | Divination | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/3/76/