In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 2, sentence 120
My friend says that he has seen two Chinese versions,—one in the _Hongyō-kyō_ (?), the other in the _Zōichi-agon-kyō_ (Ekôttarâgamas).
Who acts: friend · What happens: say, see · To what, where: two Chinese versions · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (friend), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | My | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 friend | nmod:poss |
| 2 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 says | nsubj |
| 3 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 7 seen | mark |
| 5 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 seen | nsubj |
| 6 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 seen | aux |
| 7 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 says | ccomp |
| 8 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 10 versions | nummod |
| 9 | Chinese | Chinese | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 versions | amod |
| 10 | versions | version | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 seen | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 one | punct |
| 12 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 13 one | punct |
| 13 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 10 versions | appos |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 kyō | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 kyō | det |
| 16 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 17 Hongyō | punct |
| 17 | Hongyō | Hongyō | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 kyō | compound |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 17 Hongyō | punct |
| 19 | kyō | kyō | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 one | nmod |
| 20 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 13 one | punct |
| 21 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 22 ? | punct |
| 22 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 says | punct |
| 23 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 22 ? | punct |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 other | punct |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 other | det |
| 26 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 says | ccomp |
| 27 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 kyō | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 kyō | det |
| 29 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 34 kyō | punct |
| 30 | Zōichi | Zōichi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 kyō | compound |
| 31 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 30 Zōichi | punct |
| 32 | agon | agon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 kyō | compound |
| 33 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 32 agon | punct |
| 34 | kyō | kyō | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 other | obl |
| 35 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 26 other | punct |
| 36 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 37 Ekôttarâgamas | punct |
| 37 | Ekôttarâgamas | Ekôttarâgamas | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 other | appos |
| 38 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 37 Ekôttarâgamas | punct |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 says | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | My friend | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | see | present · perfect | friend | two Chinese versions | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer version=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/4/120/