In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 2, sentence 14
Last winter, while crossing a mountain-range, he was overtaken by a snowstorm, and lost his way.
Who acts: snowstorm · What happens: cross, overtake, lose · To what, where: mountain range, Last winter, way
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (snowstorm), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 winter | amod |
| 2 | winter | winter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 overtaken | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 crossing | punct |
| 4 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 5 crossing | mark |
| 5 | crossing | cross | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 winter | conj |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 range | det |
| 7 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 range | compound |
| 8 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 7 mountain | punct |
| 9 | range | range | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 crossing | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 winter | punct |
| 11 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 overtaken | nsubj |
| 12 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 overtaken | aux:pass |
| 13 | overtaken | overtake | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 14 | by | by | ADP | _ | 16 snowstorm | case |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 snowstorm | det |
| 16 | snowstorm | snowstorm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 overtaken | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 lost | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 lost | cc |
| 19 | lost | lose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 overtaken | conj |
| 20 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 way | nmod:poss |
| 21 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 lost | obj |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 overtaken | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cross | gerund | a snowstorm not said here | a mountain range | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent range=Patient | ||||
| 2 | overtake | past · passive | a snowstorm | Last winter | acquaintance nsubj | tree rules | |||
| 3 | lose | past | a snowstorm not said here | acquaintance's way | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/4/14/