In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 2, sentence 15
Many days later he was found standing erect at the foot of a pine, with his little pack strapped to his shoulders: a statue of ice—arms folded and eyes closed as in meditation.
Who acts: acquaintance · What happens: find, stand, strap, fold, close · To what, where: acquaintance, foot, little pack, arms
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (acquaintance), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 days | amod |
| 2 | days | day | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 later | obl:unmarked |
| 3 | later | late | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 6 found | advmod |
| 4 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 found | nsubj |
| 5 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 found | aux:pass |
| 6 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 7 | standing | stand | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 6 found | xcomp |
| 8 | erect | erect | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 standing | xcomp |
| 9 | at | at | ADP | _ | 11 foot | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 foot | det |
| 11 | foot | foot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 standing | obl |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 pine | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 pine | det |
| 14 | pine | pine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 foot | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 pack | punct |
| 16 | with | with | ADP | _ | 19 pack | case |
| 17 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 pack | nmod:poss |
| 18 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 pack | amod |
| 19 | pack | pack | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 found | parataxis |
| 20 | strapped | strap | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 pack | acl |
| 21 | to | to | ADP | _ | 23 shoulders | case |
| 22 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 shoulders | nmod:poss |
| 23 | shoulders | shoulder | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 strapped | obl |
| 24 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 26 statue | punct |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 statue | det |
| 26 | statue | statue | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 found | parataxis |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 ice | case |
| 28 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 statue | nmod |
| 29 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 30 arms | punct |
| 30 | arms | arm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 statue | conj |
| 31 | folded | fold | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 30 arms | acl |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 eyes | cc |
| 33 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 arms | conj |
| 34 | closed | close | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 30 arms | acl |
| 35 | as | as | ADP | _ | 37 meditation | case |
| 36 | in | in | ADP | _ | 37 meditation | case |
| 37 | meditation | meditation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 closed | obl |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 found | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | find | past · passive | acquaintance | acquaintance's little pack parataxis; a statue of ice and arms and eyes parataxis; late property | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute clause=Theme | ||||
| 2 | stand | gerund | acquaintance not said here | the foot of a pine | erect property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at foot=Location | |||
| 3 | strap | participle | acquaintance's little pack not said here | to acquaintance's shoulders | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle PP»: agent=Patient to shoulder=Co-Patient | ||||
| 4 | fold | participle | arms and eyes not said here | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 5 | close | participle | arms and eyes not said here | as meditation | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/4/15/