In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 2, sentence 82
(There is little fault to be found with this teaching from a scientific standpoint,—since we know that higher evolution must involve an increase of sensitivity to pain.)
Who acts: we, higher evolution · What happens: be, find, know, involve · To what, where: little fault, increase · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, higher evolution), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 5 fault | punct |
| 2 | There | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 5 fault | expl |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 fault | cop |
| 4 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 fault | amod |
| 5 | fault | fault | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 found | mark |
| 7 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 8 found | aux:pass |
| 8 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 fault | acl |
| 9 | with | with | ADP | _ | 11 teaching | case |
| 10 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 11 teaching | det |
| 11 | teaching | teaching | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 found | obl |
| 12 | from | from | ADP | _ | 15 standpoint | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 standpoint | det |
| 14 | scientific | scientific | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 standpoint | amod |
| 15 | standpoint | standpoint | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 teaching | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 fault | punct |
| 17 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 20 know | punct |
| 18 | since | since | SCONJ | _ | 20 know | mark |
| 19 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 20 know | nsubj |
| 20 | know | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 fault | conj |
| 21 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 25 involve | mark |
| 22 | higher | high | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 23 evolution | amod |
| 23 | evolution | evolution | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 involve | nsubj |
| 24 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 25 involve | aux |
| 25 | involve | involve | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 know | ccomp |
| 26 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 increase | det |
| 27 | increase | increase | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 involve | obj |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 sensitivity | case |
| 29 | sensitivity | sensitivity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 increase | nmod |
| 30 | to | to | PART | _ | 31 pain | mark |
| 31 | pain | pain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 sensitivity | acl |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 fault | punct |
| 33 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 5 fault | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | little fault | there | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | find | to-infinitive · passive | with this teaching from a scientific standpoint | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF» | |||||
| 3 | know | present | we | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 4 | involve | must | higher evolution | a increase of sensitivity pain | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent increase=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/4/82/