In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 4, sentence 120
The steps came nearer and nearer,—reached the live hedge,—stopped!
Who acts: steps · What happens: be, reach, stop · To what, where: live hedge
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (steps), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 steps | det |
| 2 | steps | step | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 nearer | nsubj |
| 3 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 nearer | cop |
| 4 | nearer | near | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | root | root |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 nearer | cc |
| 6 | nearer | near | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 4 nearer | conj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 nearer | punct |
| 8 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 9 reached | punct |
| 9 | reached | reach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 nearer | conj |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 hedge | det |
| 11 | live | live | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 hedge | amod |
| 12 | hedge | hedge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 reached | obj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 nearer | punct |
| 14 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 15 stopped | punct |
| 15 | stopped | stop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 nearer | conj |
| 16 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 4 nearer | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | the steps | near property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | be | the steps not said here | tree rules | ||||||
| 3 | reach | past | the steps not said here | the live hedge | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent hedge=Theme | ||||
| 4 | stop | past | the steps not said here | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/6/120/