In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 4, sentence 13

[9] The forms of speech used by the samurai, and other superior classes, differed considerably from those of the popular idiom; but these differences could not be effectively rendered into English.

Who acts: other superior classes · What happens: use, differ, not render, form · To what, where: speech, those, differences, English, 9

This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (other superior classes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	[	[	PUNCT	_	2 9	punct
2	9	9	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	root	root
3	]	]	PUNCT	_	2 9	punct
4	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 forms	det
5	forms	form	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 9	nmod:unmarked
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 speech	case
7	speech	speech	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 forms	nmod
8	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 speech	acl
9	by	by	ADP	_	11 samurai	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 samurai	det
11	samurai	samurai	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 used	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 differed	punct
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 differed	cc
14	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 classes	amod
15	superior	superior	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 classes	amod
16	classes	class	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 differed	nsubj
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 classes	punct
18	differed	differ	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 9	parataxis
19	considerably	considerably	ADV	_	21 those	advmod
20	from	from	ADP	_	21 those	case
21	those	that	PRON	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	18 differed	obj
22	of	of	ADP	_	25 idiom	case
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 idiom	det
24	popular	popular	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 idiom	amod
25	idiom	idiom	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 those	nmod
26	;	;	PUNCT	_	34 rendered	punct
27	but	but	CCONJ	_	34 rendered	cc
28	these	this	DET	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	29 differences	det
29	differences	difference	NOUN	Number=Plur	34 rendered	nsubj:pass
30	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	34 rendered	aux
31	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	34 rendered	advmod
32	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	34 rendered	aux:pass
33	effectively	effectively	ADV	_	34 rendered	advmod
34	rendered	render	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	18 differed	conj
35	into	into	ADP	_	36 English	case
36	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	34 rendered	obl
37	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 9	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	use	participle		speech not said here		by the samurai	vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	differ	past	other superior classes	those of the popular idiom			tree rules
3	not render	could · passive		this differences	English	effectively property	vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
5	form			speech			nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/6/13/

🌲 In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 4, sentence 13

The tree

Pragmatics

In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 4, sentence 13