In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 5, sentence 121
Recent rains had soaked the black soil,—leaving here and there small pools of slime about which swarms of tiny frogs were hopping.
Who acts: swarms · What happens: soak, leave, hop · To what, where: Recent rains, small pools
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (swarms), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Recent | recent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 rains | amod |
| 2 | rains | rain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 soaked | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 soaked | aux |
| 4 | soaked | soak | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 soil | det |
| 6 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 soil | amod |
| 7 | soil | soil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 soaked | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 soaked | punct |
| 9 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 10 leaving | punct |
| 10 | leaving | leave | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 soaked | advcl |
| 11 | here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 10 leaving | advmod |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 there | cc |
| 13 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 11 here | conj |
| 14 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 pools | amod |
| 15 | pools | pool | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 leaving | obj |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 slime | case |
| 17 | slime | slime | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 pools | nmod |
| 18 | about | about | ADP | _ | 19 which | case |
| 19 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 hopping | obl |
| 20 | swarms | swarm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 hopping | nsubj |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 frogs | case |
| 22 | tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 frogs | amod |
| 23 | frogs | frog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 swarms | nmod |
| 24 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 hopping | aux |
| 25 | hopping | hop | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 17 slime | acl:relcl |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 soaked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | soak | past · perfect · passive | Recent rains | the black soil obj | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | leave | gerund | small pools of slime | here; there | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pool=Theme | ||||
| 3 | hop | past · progressive | swarms of tiny frogs | about slime | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme about which=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/7/121/