In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 5, sentence 123
In a shed just within the gate, we observed a woman cooking; and my companion presumed to ask her if she knew anything about the tombs described in the Romance of the Peony-Lantern.
Who acts: we, companion · What happens: observe, presume, ask, know, describe · To what, where: woman cooking, shed, companion, anything, tombs, Romance
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, companion), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 shed | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 shed | det |
| 3 | shed | shed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 observed | obl |
| 4 | just | just | ADV | _ | 7 gate | advmod |
| 5 | within | within | ADP | _ | 7 gate | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 gate | det |
| 7 | gate | gate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 shed | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 shed | punct |
| 9 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 10 observed | nsubj |
| 10 | observed | observe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 cooking | det |
| 12 | woman | woman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 cooking | compound |
| 13 | cooking | cooking | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 observed | obj |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 presumed | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 presumed | cc |
| 16 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 companion | nmod:poss |
| 17 | companion | companion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 presumed | nsubj |
| 18 | presumed | presume | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 observed | conj |
| 19 | to | to | PART | _ | 20 ask | mark |
| 20 | ask | ask | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 presumed | advcl |
| 21 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 ask | iobj |
| 22 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 24 knew | mark |
| 23 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 knew | nsubj |
| 24 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 ask | ccomp |
| 25 | anything | anything | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 24 knew | obj |
| 26 | about | about | ADP | _ | 28 tombs | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 tombs | det |
| 28 | tombs | tomb | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 anything | nmod |
| 29 | described | describe | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 tombs | acl |
| 30 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 Romance | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 Romance | det |
| 32 | Romance | Romance | PROPN | Number=Sing | 29 described | obl |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 37 Lantern | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 Lantern | det |
| 35 | Peony | Peony | PROPN | Number=Sing | 37 Lantern | compound |
| 36 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 35 Peony | punct |
| 37 | Lantern | Lantern | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 Romance | nmod |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 observed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | observe | past | we | a woman cooking | a shed within the gate | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent cooking=Topic | |||
| 2 | presume | participle | my companion | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | ask speech: ask | to-infinitive | my companion not said here | companion | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S»: agent=Agent she=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 4 | know a condition, not said to happen | past | companion | anything | about the tombs | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer anything=Stimulus | |||
| 5 | describe | participle | the tombs not said here | the Romance of the Peony Lantern | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/7/123/