In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 6, sentence 109
Twenty-four hundred years ago, out of solitary meditation upon the pain and the mystery of being, the mind of an Indian pilgrim brought forth the highest truth ever taught to men, and in an era barren of science anticipated the uttermost knowledge of our present evolutional philosophy regarding the secret unity of life, the endless illusions of matter and of mind, and the birth and death of universes.
Who acts: solitary meditation, highest truth · What happens: be, bring, teach, anticipate, regard · To what, where: birth, men, uttermost knowledge, era barren
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (solitary meditation, highest truth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Twenty | twenty | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 3 four | compound |
| 2 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 1 Twenty | punct |
| 3 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 4 hundred | compound |
| 4 | hundred | hundred | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 5 years | nummod |
| 5 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 6 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 27 brought | advmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 meditation | punct |
| 8 | out | out | ADP | _ | 11 meditation | case |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 meditation | case |
| 10 | solitary | solitary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 meditation | amod |
| 11 | meditation | meditation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 brought | nsubj |
| 12 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 14 pain | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 pain | det |
| 14 | pain | pain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 meditation | nmod |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 mystery | cc |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 mystery | det |
| 17 | mystery | mystery | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 pain | conj |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 mind | case |
| 19 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 22 mind | cop |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 mind | punct |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 mind | det |
| 22 | mind | mind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 mystery | nmod |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 pilgrim | case |
| 24 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 pilgrim | det |
| 25 | Indian | Indian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 pilgrim | amod |
| 26 | pilgrim | pilgrim | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 mind | nmod |
| 27 | brought | bring | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 28 | forth | forth | ADV | _ | 27 brought | advmod |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 truth | det |
| 30 | highest | high | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 31 truth | amod |
| 31 | truth | truth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 taught | nsubj |
| 32 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 33 taught | advmod |
| 33 | taught | teach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 brought | conj |
| 34 | to | to | ADP | _ | 35 men | case |
| 35 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 taught | obl |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 anticipated | punct |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 anticipated | cc |
| 38 | in | in | ADP | _ | 41 barren | case |
| 39 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 41 barren | det |
| 40 | era | era | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 barren | compound |
| 41 | barren | barren | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 anticipated | obl |
| 42 | of | of | ADP | _ | 43 science | case |
| 43 | science | science | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 barren | nmod |
| 44 | anticipated | anticipate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 brought | conj |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 knowledge | det |
| 46 | uttermost | uttermost | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 47 knowledge | amod |
| 47 | knowledge | knowledge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 anticipated | obj |
| 48 | of | of | ADP | _ | 52 philosophy | case |
| 49 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 52 philosophy | nmod:poss |
| 50 | present | present | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 52 philosophy | amod |
| 51 | evolutional | evolutional | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 52 philosophy | amod |
| 52 | philosophy | philosophy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 knowledge | nmod |
| 53 | regarding | regard | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 56 unity | case |
| 54 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 56 unity | det |
| 55 | secret | secret | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 56 unity | amod |
| 56 | unity | unity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 philosophy | nmod |
| 57 | of | of | ADP | _ | 58 life | case |
| 58 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 56 unity | nmod |
| 59 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 62 illusions | punct |
| 60 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 62 illusions | det |
| 61 | endless | endless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 62 illusions | amod |
| 62 | illusions | illusion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 56 unity | conj |
| 63 | of | of | ADP | _ | 64 matter | case |
| 64 | matter | matter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 62 illusions | nmod |
| 65 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 67 mind | cc |
| 66 | of | of | ADP | _ | 67 mind | case |
| 67 | mind | mind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 64 matter | conj |
| 68 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 71 birth | punct |
| 69 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 71 birth | cc |
| 70 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 71 birth | det |
| 71 | birth | birth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 brought | obl |
| 72 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 73 death | cc |
| 73 | death | death | NOUN | Number=Sing | 71 birth | conj |
| 74 | of | of | ADP | _ | 75 universes | case |
| 75 | universes | universe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 71 birth | nmod |
| 76 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 27 brought | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | gerund | of the mind; of a Indian pilgrim | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | bring | past | solitary meditation upon the pain and the mystery | the birth of universes and death | ago, forth property | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent | |||
| 3 | teach speech: other | past | the highest truth | men | ever | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient how S»: agent=Agent to man=Recipient | |||
| 4 | anticipate | past | solitary meditation upon the pain and the mystery not said here | the uttermost knowledge of our present evolutional philosophy regard the secret unity of life and the endless illusions of matter and mind | a era barren of science | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent knowledge=Theme | |||
| 5 | regard | gerund | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/8/109/