In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 6, sentence 110
He, by pure reason,—and he alone before our time,—found answers of worth to the questions of the Whence, the Whither, and the Why;—and he made with these answers another and a nobler faith than the creed of his fathers.
Who acts: truth · What happens: find, make · To what, where: answers, another
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (truth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 reason | nsubj |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 reason | punct |
| 3 | by | by | ADP | _ | 5 reason | case |
| 4 | pure | pure | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 reason | amod |
| 5 | reason | reason | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 reason | punct |
| 7 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 13 time | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 time | cc |
| 9 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 time | nsubj |
| 10 | alone | alone | ADV | _ | 13 time | advmod |
| 11 | before | before | ADP | _ | 13 time | case |
| 12 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 time | nmod:poss |
| 13 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 reason | parataxis |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 time | punct |
| 15 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 16 found | punct |
| 16 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 reason | parataxis |
| 17 | answers | answer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 found | obj |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 worth | case |
| 19 | worth | worth | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 answers | nmod |
| 20 | to | to | ADP | _ | 22 questions | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 questions | det |
| 22 | questions | question | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 worth | obl |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 Whence | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 Whence | det |
| 25 | Whence | whence | ADV | PronType=Rel | 22 questions | nmod |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 Whither | punct |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 Whither | det |
| 28 | Whither | whither | ADV | PronType=Int | 16 found | advmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 Why | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 Why | cc |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 Why | det |
| 32 | Why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 16 found | parataxis |
| 33 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 found | punct |
| 34 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 37 made | punct |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 made | cc |
| 36 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 made | nsubj |
| 37 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 reason | parataxis |
| 38 | with | with | ADP | _ | 40 answers | case |
| 39 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 40 answers | det |
| 40 | answers | answer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 made | obl |
| 41 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 37 made | obj |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 faith | cc |
| 43 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 45 faith | det |
| 44 | nobler | noble | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 45 faith | amod |
| 45 | faith | faith | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 made | conj |
| 46 | than | than | ADP | _ | 48 creed | case |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 creed | det |
| 48 | creed | creed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 faith | nmod |
| 49 | of | of | ADP | _ | 51 fathers | case |
| 50 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 51 fathers | nmod:poss |
| 51 | fathers | father | NOUN | Number=Plur | 48 creed | nmod |
| 52 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 reason | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | find | past | answers of worth to the questions | whither property | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent answer=Topic | ||||
| 2 | make | past | truth | another | with this answers; a nobler faith than the creed of truth's fathers conj | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent another=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/8/110/