In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 7, sentence 27
Possibly they mean things myriads of years old,—things relating to odors, to exhalations, to influences and effluences inapprehensible by duller human sense,—impulses also, impulses without name, bestirred in ghosts of dogs by the light of great moons.
Who acts: words, things · What happens: mean, relate, bestir, ghost, light · To what, where: things, impulses, ghosts, dogs, great moons
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (words, things), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Possibly | possibly | ADV | _ | 3 mean | advmod |
| 2 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 mean | nsubj |
| 3 | mean | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 mean | obj |
| 5 | myriads | myriad | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 old | nsubj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 years | case |
| 7 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 myriads | nmod |
| 8 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 things | acl:relcl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 things | punct |
| 10 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 11 things | punct |
| 11 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 things | conj |
| 12 | relating | relate | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 11 things | acl |
| 13 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 odors | case |
| 14 | odors | odor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 relating | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 exhalations | punct |
| 16 | to | to | ADP | _ | 17 exhalations | case |
| 17 | exhalations | exhalation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 things | appos |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 influences | punct |
| 19 | to | to | ADP | _ | 20 influences | case |
| 20 | influences | influence | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 exhalations | conj |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 effluences | cc |
| 22 | effluences | effluence | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 exhalations | conj |
| 23 | inapprehensible | inapprehensible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 exhalations | parataxis |
| 24 | by | by | ADP | _ | 27 sense | case |
| 25 | duller | dull | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 27 sense | amod |
| 26 | human | human | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 sense | amod |
| 27 | sense | sense | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 inapprehensible | obl |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 impulses | punct |
| 29 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 30 impulses | punct |
| 30 | impulses | impulse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 things | conj |
| 31 | also | also | ADV | _ | 3 mean | advmod |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 impulses | punct |
| 33 | impulses | impulse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 mean | parataxis |
| 34 | without | without | ADP | _ | 35 name | case |
| 35 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 impulses | nmod |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 bestirred | punct |
| 37 | bestirred | bestir | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 33 impulses | acl |
| 38 | in | in | ADP | _ | 39 ghosts | case |
| 39 | ghosts | ghost | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 bestirred | obl |
| 40 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 dogs | case |
| 41 | dogs | dog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 ghosts | nmod |
| 42 | by | by | ADP | _ | 44 light | case |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 light | det |
| 44 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 bestirred | obl |
| 45 | of | of | ADP | _ | 47 moons | case |
| 46 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 47 moons | amod |
| 47 | moons | moon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 light | nmod |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 mean | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | present | words = word | things and things and impulses | impulses without name parataxis; possibly property | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Topic | |||
| 2 | relate | gerund | things not said here | to odors | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to odor=Co-Theme | ||||
| 3 | bestir | participle | impulses without name not said here | ghosts of dogs | by the light of great moons | tree rules | |||
| 4 | ghost | dogs | nom ghost «cognition transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 5 | light | great moons | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/9/27/