In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 7, sentence 34
To-day we have ceased to be consciously afraid of the unseen;—knowing that we ourselves are supernatural,—that even the physical man, with all his life of sense, is more ghostly than any ghost of old imagining: but some dim inheritance of the primitive fear still slumbers in our being, and wakens perhaps, like an echo, to the sound of that wail in the night.
Who acts: we, that, dim inheritance · What happens: cease, be, know, man, ghost, inherit · To what, where: we, old imagining, primitive fear · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, that, dim inheritance), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | To | to | ADP | _ | 3 day | case |
| 2 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 1 To | punct |
| 3 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 ceased | obl |
| 4 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 6 ceased | nsubj:pass |
| 5 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 ceased | aux |
| 6 | ceased | cease | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 afraid | mark |
| 8 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 10 afraid | cop |
| 9 | consciously | consciously | ADV | _ | 10 afraid | advmod |
| 10 | afraid | afraid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 ceased | advcl |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 unseen | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 unseen | det |
| 13 | unseen | unseen | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 afraid | obl |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 6 ceased | punct |
| 15 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 16 knowing | punct |
| 16 | knowing | know | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 ceased | advcl |
| 17 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 21 supernatural | mark |
| 18 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 21 supernatural | nsubj |
| 19 | ourselves | ourselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 18 we | nmod |
| 20 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 supernatural | cop |
| 21 | supernatural | supernatural | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 knowing | ccomp |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 man | punct |
| 23 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 28 man | punct |
| 24 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 28 man | nsubj |
| 25 | even | even | ADV | _ | 28 man | advmod |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 man | det |
| 27 | physical | physical | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 man | amod |
| 28 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 supernatural | obl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 life | punct |
| 30 | with | with | ADP | _ | 33 life | case |
| 31 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 33 life | det:predet |
| 32 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 life | nmod:poss |
| 33 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 man | conj |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 sense | case |
| 35 | sense | sense | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 life | nmod |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 ghostly | punct |
| 37 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 ghostly | cop |
| 38 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 39 ghostly | advmod |
| 39 | ghostly | ghostly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 knowing | conj |
| 40 | than | than | ADP | _ | 42 ghost | case |
| 41 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 42 ghost | det |
| 42 | ghost | ghost | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 ghostly | obl |
| 43 | of | of | ADP | _ | 45 imagining | case |
| 44 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 imagining | amod |
| 45 | imagining | imagining | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 ghost | nmod |
| 46 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 50 inheritance | punct |
| 47 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 50 inheritance | cc |
| 48 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 50 inheritance | det |
| 49 | dim | dim | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 50 inheritance | amod |
| 50 | inheritance | inheritance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 ceased | obl |
| 51 | of | of | ADP | _ | 54 fear | case |
| 52 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 54 fear | det |
| 53 | primitive | primitive | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 54 fear | amod |
| 54 | fear | fear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 inheritance | nmod |
| 55 | still | still | ADV | _ | 56 slumbers | advmod |
| 56 | slumbers | slumber | NOUN | Number=Plur | 54 fear | conj |
| 57 | in | in | SCONJ | _ | 62 wakens | mark |
| 58 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 62 wakens | nmod:poss |
| 59 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 62 wakens | cop |
| 60 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 62 wakens | punct |
| 61 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 62 wakens | cc |
| 62 | wakens | waken | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 50 inheritance | acl:relcl |
| 63 | perhaps | perhaps | ADV | _ | 62 wakens | advmod |
| 64 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 67 echo | punct |
| 65 | like | like | ADP | _ | 67 echo | case |
| 66 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 67 echo | det |
| 67 | echo | echo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 62 wakens | parataxis |
| 68 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 71 sound | punct |
| 69 | to | to | ADP | _ | 71 sound | case |
| 70 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 71 sound | det |
| 71 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 67 echo | appos |
| 72 | of | of | ADP | _ | 74 wail | case |
| 73 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 74 wail | det |
| 74 | wail | wail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 71 sound | nmod |
| 75 | in | in | ADP | _ | 77 night | case |
| 76 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 77 night | det |
| 77 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 74 wail | nmod |
| 78 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 ceased | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cease | present · perfect · passive | we | day | some dim inheritance of the primitive fear and slumbers obl | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: subject=Eventuality | |||
| 2 | is | to-infinitive | of the unseen; afraid, consciously property | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | know | gerund | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 4 | is | present | we | supernatural property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | man | that | man's life of sense conj | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | is | present | than any ghost of old imagining; ghostly property | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | is | gerund | some dim inheritance of the primitive fear and slumbers not said here | our nmod:poss; a echo parataxis; perhaps, waken property | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | ghost | old imagining | nom ghost «cognition transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 9 | inherit | the primitive fear and slumbers | nom inheritance «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/9/34/