In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 7, sentence 33
It is a remarkable fact that in almost all countries (including Japan) the howling of dogs has been attributed to their perception of things viewless to man, and awful,—especially gods and ghosts;—and this unanimity of superstitious belief suggests that one element of the disquiet inspired by the cry is the dread of the supernatural.
Who acts: sound, remarkable fact, unanimity, dogs · What happens: be, include, attribute, suggest, inspire, howl · To what, where: remarkable fact, howling, countries, one element, things
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sound, remarkable fact, unanimity, dogs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 fact | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 fact | cop |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 fact | det |
| 4 | remarkable | remarkable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 fact | amod |
| 5 | fact | fact | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 21 attributed | mark |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 countries | case |
| 8 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 9 all | advmod |
| 9 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 10 countries | det |
| 10 | countries | country | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 attributed | obl |
| 11 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 13 Japan | punct |
| 12 | including | include | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 13 Japan | case |
| 13 | Japan | Japan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 countries | appos |
| 14 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 13 Japan | punct |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 howling | det |
| 16 | howling | howling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 attributed | nsubj:pass |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 dogs | case |
| 18 | dogs | dog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 howling | nmod |
| 19 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 attributed | aux |
| 20 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 21 attributed | aux:pass |
| 21 | attributed | attribute | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 fact | acl |
| 22 | to | to | ADP | _ | 24 perception | case |
| 23 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 perception | nmod:poss |
| 24 | perception | perception | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 attributed | obl |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 things | case |
| 26 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 perception | nmod |
| 27 | viewless | viewless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 things | amod |
| 28 | to | to | ADP | _ | 29 man | case |
| 29 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 viewless | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 awful | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 awful | cc |
| 32 | awful | awful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 fact | parataxis |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 fact | punct |
| 34 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 36 gods | punct |
| 35 | especially | especially | ADV | _ | 36 gods | advmod |
| 36 | gods | god | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 fact | appos |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 ghosts | cc |
| 38 | ghosts | ghost | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 gods | conj |
| 39 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 47 suggests | punct |
| 40 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 43 unanimity | punct |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 unanimity | cc |
| 42 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 43 unanimity | det |
| 43 | unanimity | unanimity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 suggests | nsubj |
| 44 | of | of | ADP | _ | 46 belief | case |
| 45 | superstitious | superstitious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 belief | amod |
| 46 | belief | belief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 unanimity | nmod |
| 47 | suggests | suggest | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 fact | parataxis |
| 48 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 50 element | mark |
| 49 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 50 element | nummod |
| 50 | element | element | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 suggests | obj |
| 51 | of | of | ADP | _ | 60 dread | case |
| 52 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 60 dread | det |
| 53 | disquiet | disquiet | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 60 dread | amod |
| 54 | inspired | inspire | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 60 dread | amod |
| 55 | by | by | ADP | _ | 57 cry | case |
| 56 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 57 cry | det |
| 57 | cry | cry | NOUN | Number=Sing | 60 dread | obl |
| 58 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 60 dread | cop |
| 59 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 60 dread | det |
| 60 | dread | dread | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 element | nmod |
| 61 | of | of | ADP | _ | 63 supernatural | case |
| 62 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 63 supernatural | det |
| 63 | supernatural | supernatural | NOUN | Number=Sing | 60 dread | nmod |
| 64 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 fact | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | sound | a remarkable fact | gods and ghosts appos | tree rules | |||
| 2 | include | gerund | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | attribute | present · perfect · passive | a remarkable fact not said here | the howling of dogs | all countries | to dogs's perception of things | tree rules | ||
| 4 | suggest speech: suggest | present | this unanimity of superstitious belief | one element | vn say-37.7-1-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent element=Topic | ||||
| 5 | inspire | participle | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 6 | is | present | of the disquiet inspired dread; by the cry; of the supernatural | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | howl | dogs | nom howling «communication intransitive»: of=agent | ||||||
| 8 | perceive | dogs = dog | things | nom perception «cognition transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/9/33/