In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 7, sentence 44
Nay, there are times when her cry seems to me not the mere cry of a dog, but the voice of the law itself,—the very speech of that Nature so inexplicably called by poets the loving, the merciful, the divine!
Who acts: cry, evidence, dog · What happens: seem, be, call, cry, speak · To what, where: mere cry, me, voice, speech, Nature · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cry, evidence, dog), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nay | nay | INTJ | _ | 4 are | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Nay | punct |
| 3 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 4 are | expl |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 voice | cop |
| 5 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 are | nsubj |
| 6 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 9 seems | mark |
| 7 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 cry | nmod:poss |
| 8 | cry | cry | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 seems | nsubj |
| 9 | seems | seem | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 are | advcl |
| 10 | to | to | ADP | _ | 11 me | case |
| 11 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 9 seems | obl |
| 12 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 15 cry | advmod |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 cry | det |
| 14 | mere | mere | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 cry | amod |
| 15 | cry | cry | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 seems | obl |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 dog | case |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 dog | det |
| 18 | dog | dog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 cry | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 voice | punct |
| 20 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 22 voice | cc |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 voice | det |
| 22 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 law | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 law | det |
| 25 | law | law | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 voice | nmod |
| 26 | itself | itself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Emp Reflex=Yes | 25 law | nmod:unmarked |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 speech | punct |
| 28 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 31 speech | punct |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 speech | det |
| 30 | very | very | ADV | _ | 31 speech | advmod |
| 31 | speech | speech | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 voice | conj |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 Nature | case |
| 33 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 34 Nature | det |
| 34 | Nature | nature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 speech | nmod |
| 35 | so | so | ADV | _ | 36 inexplicably | advmod |
| 36 | inexplicably | inexplicably | ADV | _ | 37 called | advmod |
| 37 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 31 speech | acl |
| 38 | by | by | ADP | _ | 39 poets | case |
| 39 | poets | poet | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 called | obl |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 loving | det |
| 41 | loving | loving | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 called | xcomp |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 merciful | punct |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 merciful | det |
| 44 | merciful | merciful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 voice | conj |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 divine | punct |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 divine | det |
| 47 | divine | divine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 merciful | conj |
| 48 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 22 voice | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | seem | present | evidence's cry | the mere cry of a dog | me | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme | |||
| 2 | is a | present | the voice and the speech of that Nature | of the law cry; the speech of that Nature conj | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | call | participle | the speech of that Nature not said here | by poets; inexplicably, loving property | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | be | the divine conj | tree rules | ||||||
| 5 | cry | evidence | nom cry «communication intransitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 6 | cry | a dog | nom cry «communication intransitive»: of=agent | ||||||
| 7 | speak | that Nature | nom speech «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/9/44/