In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 7, sentence 55
Consider the ground upon which we move, the soil out of which we came;—think of the vanished billions that have risen from it and crumbled back into its latency to feed what becomes our food!
Who acts: you, we · What happens: consider, move, come, think, vanish, rise · To what, where: ground, soil, vanished billions, latency, food
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Consider | consider | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 ground | det |
| 3 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Consider | obj |
| 4 | upon | upon | SCONJ | _ | 7 move | mark |
| 5 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 move | nsubj |
| 6 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 7 move | nsubj |
| 7 | move | move | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Consider | advcl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 move | punct |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 soil | det |
| 10 | soil | soil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 move | obj |
| 11 | out | out | ADP | _ | 13 which | case |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 which | case |
| 13 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 came | obl |
| 14 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 15 came | nsubj |
| 15 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 soil | acl:relcl |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 think | punct |
| 17 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 18 think | punct |
| 18 | think | think | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 1 Consider | conj |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 billions | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 billions | det |
| 21 | vanished | vanish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 billions | amod |
| 22 | billions | billion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 think | obl |
| 23 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 risen | nsubj:pass |
| 24 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 risen | aux |
| 25 | risen | rise | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 billions | acl:relcl |
| 26 | from | from | ADP | _ | 27 it | case |
| 27 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 risen | obl |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 crumbled | cc |
| 29 | crumbled | crumble | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 risen | conj |
| 30 | back | back | ADV | _ | 29 crumbled | advmod |
| 31 | into | into | ADP | _ | 33 latency | case |
| 32 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 latency | nmod:poss |
| 33 | latency | latency | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 crumbled | obl |
| 34 | to | to | PART | _ | 35 feed | mark |
| 35 | feed | feed | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 29 crumbled | advcl |
| 36 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 37 becomes | nsubj |
| 37 | becomes | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 feed | ccomp |
| 38 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 39 food | nmod:poss |
| 39 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 becomes | xcomp |
| 40 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 1 Consider | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | consider | imperative | you not said here | the ground | vn consider-29.9-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent ground=Attribute | ||||
| 2 | move | present | the soil | which nsubj; we nsubj | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent soil=Theme | ||||
| 3 | come | past | we | the soil | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme out which=Initial_Location | ||||
| 4 | think speech: other | infinitive | you not said here | of the vanished billions | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | vanish | participle | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 6 | rise | present · perfect · passive | the vanished billions | soil | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: subject=Extent from it=Initial_State | ||||
| 7 | crumble back | past | into soil's latency result | vn break-45.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Patient into latency=Result | |||||
| 8 | feed | to-infinitive | tree rules | ||||||
| 9 | become | present | our food | what nsubj | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/9/55/