In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 7, sentence 88
By priests her state is termed a state of darkness of mind, because she cannot learn all that men should learn; but according to her light she has done well enough to merit some better condition in her next rebirth.
Who acts: priests, faith, men · What happens: term, not learn, learn, accord, do, merit · To what, where: state, better condition, next rebirth · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (priests, faith, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | By | by | ADP | _ | 2 priests | case |
| 2 | priests | priest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 termed | obl |
| 3 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 state | nmod:poss |
| 4 | state | state | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 termed | nsubj:pass |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 termed | aux:pass |
| 6 | termed | term | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 state | det |
| 8 | state | state | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 termed | obj |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 darkness | case |
| 10 | darkness | darkness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 state | nmod |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 mind | case |
| 12 | mind | mind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 darkness | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 learn | punct |
| 14 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 18 learn | mark |
| 15 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 learn | nsubj |
| 16 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 18 learn | aux |
| 17 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 18 learn | advmod |
| 18 | learn | learn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 termed | parataxis |
| 19 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 21 men | det:predet |
| 20 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 21 men | det |
| 21 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 learn | nsubj |
| 22 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 23 learn | aux |
| 23 | learn | learn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 learn | ccomp |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 done | punct |
| 25 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 32 done | cc |
| 26 | according | accord | VERB | ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 29 light | case |
| 27 | to | to | ADP | _ | 26 according | fixed |
| 28 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 light | nmod:poss |
| 29 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 done | obl |
| 30 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 done | nsubj |
| 31 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 done | aux |
| 32 | done | do | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 6 termed | conj |
| 33 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 32 done | advmod |
| 34 | enough | enough | ADV | _ | 32 done | advmod |
| 35 | to | to | PART | _ | 36 merit | mark |
| 36 | merit | merit | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 done | advcl |
| 37 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 39 condition | det |
| 38 | better | good | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 39 condition | amod |
| 39 | condition | condition | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 merit | obj |
| 40 | in | in | ADP | _ | 43 rebirth | case |
| 41 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 43 rebirth | nmod:poss |
| 42 | next | next | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 rebirth | amod |
| 43 | rebirth | rebirth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 merit | obl |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 termed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | term | present · passive | priests | faith's state | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme state=Result | ||||
| 2 | not learn | can | faith | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | learn | should | all men | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | accord | gerund | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | do | present · perfect | faith | accord faith's light; enough, well property | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | merit | to-infinitive | faith not said here | some better condition | faith's next rebirth | tree rules | |||
| 7 | light | faith | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/9/88/