Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch, Opening, part 1, sentence 56
It seems clear that if a genuine tradition of a Moor as near kinsman to Perceval really existed--and I see no reason to doubt that it did--it must have belonged to the Perceval story prior to the development of the Grail tradition, _e.g._, to such a stage as that hinted at by the chess-board adventure of the "Didot" _Perceval_ and Gautier's poem, when the hero was as ready to take advantage of his _bonnes fortunes_ as other heroes of popular folk tales.
Who acts: It, genuine tradition, I, tradition, board adventure, hero · What happens: seem, exist, see, doubt, do, belong · To what, where: reason, stage, advantage, _ bonnes, Grail tradition, Didot
This is a sentence of «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (It, genuine tradition, I, tradition), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 seems | nsubj |
| 2 | seems | seem | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | clear | clear | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 seems | xcomp |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 18 existed | mark |
| 5 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 8 tradition | mark |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 tradition | det |
| 7 | genuine | genuine | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 tradition | amod |
| 8 | tradition | tradition | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 existed | nsubj |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 Moor | case |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 Moor | det |
| 11 | Moor | moor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 tradition | nmod |
| 12 | as | as | ADP | _ | 14 kinsman | case |
| 13 | near | near | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 kinsman | amod |
| 14 | kinsman | kinsman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 tradition | nmod |
| 15 | to | to | ADP | _ | 16 Perceval | case |
| 16 | Perceval | Perceval | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 kinsman | nmod |
| 17 | really | really | ADV | _ | 18 existed | advmod |
| 18 | existed | exist | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 clear | advcl |
| 19 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 22 see | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 see | cc |
| 21 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 22 see | nsubj |
| 22 | see | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 seems | parataxis |
| 23 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 24 reason | det |
| 24 | reason | reason | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 see | obj |
| 25 | to | to | PART | _ | 26 doubt | mark |
| 26 | doubt | doubt | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 reason | acl |
| 27 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 29 did | mark |
| 28 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 did | nsubj |
| 29 | did | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 doubt | advcl |
| 30 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 34 belonged | punct |
| 31 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 belonged | nsubj |
| 32 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 34 belonged | aux |
| 33 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 34 belonged | aux |
| 34 | belonged | belong | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 22 see | conj |
| 35 | to | to | ADP | _ | 38 story | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 story | det |
| 37 | Perceval | Perceval | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 story | compound |
| 38 | story | story | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 belonged | obl |
| 39 | prior | prior | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 42 development | case |
| 40 | to | to | ADP | _ | 39 prior | fixed |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 development | det |
| 42 | development | development | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 belonged | obl |
| 43 | of | of | ADP | _ | 46 tradition | case |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 tradition | det |
| 45 | Grail | grail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 tradition | compound |
| 46 | tradition | tradition | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 development | nmod |
| 47 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 e.g. | punct |
| 48 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 49 e.g. | punct |
| 49 | e.g. | e.g. | ADV | _ | 2 seems | conj |
| 50 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 49 e.g. | punct |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 55 stage | punct |
| 52 | to | to | ADP | _ | 55 stage | case |
| 53 | such | such | DET | PronType=Ind | 55 stage | det:predet |
| 54 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 55 stage | det |
| 55 | stage | stage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 seems | parataxis |
| 56 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 58 hinted | mark |
| 57 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 58 hinted | nsubj:pass |
| 58 | hinted | hint | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 55 stage | acl |
| 59 | at | at | ADP | _ | 58 hinted | obl |
| 60 | by | by | ADP | _ | 65 adventure | case |
| 61 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 65 adventure | det |
| 62 | chess | chess | NOUN | Number=Sing | 64 board | compound |
| 63 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 62 chess | punct |
| 64 | board | board | NOUN | Number=Sing | 65 adventure | compound |
| 65 | adventure | adventure | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 hinted | obl |
| 66 | of | of | ADP | _ | 69 Didot | case |
| 67 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 69 Didot | det |
| 68 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 69 Didot | punct |
| 69 | Didot | Didot | PROPN | Number=Sing | 65 adventure | nmod |
| 70 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 69 Didot | punct |
| 71 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 69 Didot | punct |
| 72 | Perceval | Perceval | PROPN | Number=Sing | 69 Didot | flat |
| 73 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 69 Didot | punct |
| 74 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 77 poem | cc |
| 75 | Gautier | Gautier | PROPN | Number=Sing | 77 poem | nmod:poss |
| 76 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 75 Gautier | case |
| 77 | poem | poem | NOUN | Number=Sing | 69 Didot | conj |
| 78 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 84 ready | punct |
| 79 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 84 ready | advmod |
| 80 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 81 hero | det |
| 81 | hero | hero | NOUN | Number=Sing | 84 ready | nsubj |
| 82 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 84 ready | cop |
| 83 | as | as | ADP | _ | 84 ready | case |
| 84 | ready | ready | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 55 stage | conj |
| 85 | to | to | PART | _ | 86 take | mark |
| 86 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 84 ready | xcomp |
| 87 | advantage | advantage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 86 take | obj |
| 88 | of | of | ADP | _ | 91 bonnes | case |
| 89 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 91 bonnes | nmod:poss |
| 90 | _ | _ | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 91 bonnes | amod |
| 91 | bonnes | bonne | NOUN | Number=Plur | 86 take | obl |
| 92 | fortunes | fortune | NOUN | Number=Plur | 93 _ | nsubj |
| 93 | _ | _ | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 91 bonnes | acl:relcl |
| 94 | as | as | ADP | _ | 96 heroes | case |
| 95 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 96 heroes | amod |
| 96 | heroes | hero | NOUN | Number=Plur | 93 _ | obl |
| 97 | of | of | ADP | _ | 100 tales | case |
| 98 | popular | popular | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 100 tales | amod |
| 99 | folk | folk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 100 tales | compound |
| 100 | tales | tale | NOUN | Number=Plur | 96 heroes | nmod |
| 101 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 seems | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | seem | present | It | such stage parataxis; clear property | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | exist | past | a genuine tradition of a Moor as near kinsman to Perceval | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | see | present | I | no reason | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer reason=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | doubt | to-infinitive | I not said here | no reason not said here | vn judgment-33.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | do | past | tradition | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | belong | must · perfect | tradition | to the Perceval story; prior the development of the Grail tradition | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 7 | hint speech: other | participle · passive | the board adventure of the Didot and Gautier's poem | such stage | vn say-37.7-1-2 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent subject=Topic | ||||
| 8 | is | past | the hero | ready property | tree rules | ||||
| 9 | take | to-infinitive | the hero not said here | advantage | of Perceval's _ bonnes | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent advantage=Theme of bonne=Initial_Location | |||
| 10 | _ | present | fortunes | Perceval's _ bonnes not said here | as other heroes of popular folk tales | tree rules | |||
| 11 | develop | the Grail tradition | nom development «act transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 12 | adventure | the Didot and Gautier's poem | nom adventure «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 8447 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8447/1/56/