Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch, Opening, part 4, sentence 80
Twas past belief, the maiden's sorrow and shame; how she scarce might bear to be smitten by the cruel knight; she wept and wrung her hands.
Who acts: ware, Twas, cruel knight, maiden · What happens: scarce, bear, smite, weep, wring, sorrow · To what, where: hands
This is a sentence of «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ware, Twas, cruel knight, maiden), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Twas | twa | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 bear | nsubj |
| 2 | past | past | ADP | _ | 3 belief | case |
| 3 | belief | belief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Twas | nmod |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 sorrow | punct |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 maiden | det |
| 6 | maiden | maiden | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 sorrow | nmod:poss |
| 7 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 6 maiden | case |
| 8 | sorrow | sorrow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Twas | conj |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 shame | cc |
| 10 | shame | shame | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 sorrow | conj |
| 11 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 14 scarce | punct |
| 12 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 14 scarce | advmod |
| 13 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 scarce | nsubj |
| 14 | scarce | scarce | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 1 Twas | acl:relcl |
| 15 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 16 bear | aux |
| 16 | bear | bear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 17 | to | to | PART | _ | 19 smitten | mark |
| 18 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 19 smitten | aux:pass |
| 19 | smitten | smite | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 bear | xcomp |
| 20 | by | by | ADP | _ | 23 knight | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 knight | det |
| 22 | cruel | cruel | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 knight | amod |
| 23 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 smitten | obl |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 wept | punct |
| 25 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 wept | nsubj |
| 26 | wept | weep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 bear | conj |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 wrung | cc |
| 28 | wrung | wring | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 wept | conj |
| 29 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 hands | nmod:poss |
| 30 | hands | hand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 wrung | obj |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 16 bear | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | scarce | past | ware | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | bear | might | Twas past belief and the maiden's sorrow and shame | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | smite | to-infinitive · passive | the cruel knight | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 4 | weep | past | ware | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | wring | past | ware not said here | ware's hands | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient | ||||
| 6 | sorrow | the maiden | nom sorrow «feeling intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 8447 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8447/4/80/