Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch, Opening, part 4, sentence 91
As Sir Gawain heard her his heart was rent with sorrow and compassion and he spake to that evil knight: "Sir Knight, 'tis folly and discourtesy that which ye do to this maiden; were ye wise ye would forbear; even had the maiden wronged ye, ye should deal courteously; he hath small honour who thus smiteth a maiden."
Who acts: Sir, ye, maiden, knight, small honour · What happens: hear, rend, speak, do, be, forbear · To what, where: stream, heart, tis folly, ye, small honour, maiden · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sir, ye, maiden, knight), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | As | as | SCONJ | _ | 4 heard | mark |
| 2 | Sir | Sir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 heard | nsubj |
| 3 | Gawain | Gawain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Sir | flat |
| 4 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 heard | obj |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 heart | nmod:poss |
| 7 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 rent | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 rent | aux:pass |
| 9 | rent | rend | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 heard | ccomp |
| 10 | with | with | ADP | _ | 11 sorrow | case |
| 11 | sorrow | sorrow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 rent | obl |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 compassion | cc |
| 13 | compassion | compassion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 sorrow | conj |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 spake | cc |
| 15 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 spake | nsubj |
| 16 | spake | speak | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 rent | conj |
| 17 | to | to | ADP | _ | 20 knight | case |
| 18 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 20 knight | det |
| 19 | evil | evil | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 knight | amod |
| 20 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 rent | obl |
| 21 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 24 Knight | punct |
| 22 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 24 Knight | punct |
| 23 | Sir | Sir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 Knight | nmod:desc |
| 24 | Knight | Knight | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 knight | appos |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 folly | punct |
| 26 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 28 folly | punct |
| 27 | tis | tis | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 folly | compound |
| 28 | folly | folly | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 Knight | appos |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 discourtesy | cc |
| 30 | discourtesy | discourtesy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 folly | conj |
| 31 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 34 do | obj |
| 32 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 34 do | obj |
| 33 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 34 do | nsubj |
| 34 | do | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 folly | acl:relcl |
| 35 | to | to | ADP | _ | 37 maiden | case |
| 36 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 37 maiden | det |
| 37 | maiden | maiden | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 do | obl |
| 38 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 41 wise | punct |
| 39 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 41 wise | cop |
| 40 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 41 wise | nsubj |
| 41 | wise | wise | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 heard | parataxis |
| 42 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 44 forbear | nsubj |
| 43 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 44 forbear | aux |
| 44 | forbear | forbear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 41 wise | csubj |
| 45 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 47 had | punct |
| 46 | even | even | ADV | _ | 47 had | advmod |
| 47 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 heard | conj |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 maiden | det |
| 49 | maiden | maiden | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 wronged | nsubj |
| 50 | wronged | wrong | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 47 had | ccomp |
| 51 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 50 wronged | obj |
| 52 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 55 deal | punct |
| 53 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 55 deal | nsubj |
| 54 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 55 deal | aux |
| 55 | deal | deal | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 50 wronged | conj |
| 56 | courteously | courteously | ADV | _ | 55 deal | advmod |
| 57 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 59 hath | punct |
| 58 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 59 hath | nsubj |
| 59 | hath | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 heard | parataxis |
| 60 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 61 honour | amod |
| 61 | honour | honour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 59 hath | obj |
| 62 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 64 smiteth | nsubj |
| 63 | thus | thus | ADV | _ | 64 smiteth | advmod |
| 64 | smiteth | smite | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 61 honour | acl:relcl |
| 65 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 66 maiden | det |
| 66 | maiden | maiden | NOUN | Number=Sing | 64 smiteth | obj |
| 67 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 59 hath | punct |
| 68 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 59 hath | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | Sir | stream | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | rend | past · passive | Sir's heart | with sorrow and compassion; to that evil knight result | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.result PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with sorrow=Instrument to knight=Result | ||||
| 3 | speak speech: other | Sir | tree rules | ||||||
| 4 | do in a quote | present | ye | tis folly and discourtesy | to this maiden | tree rules | |||
| 5 | is in a quote | past | ye | wise property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | forbear in a quote | would | ye | vn refrain-69 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | have in a quote | past | Sir not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 8 | wrong in a quote | past | the maiden | ye | tree rules | ||||
| 9 | deal in a quote | should | ye | courteously property | vn cope-83 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 10 | have in a quote | present | knight | small honour | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent honour=Patient | ||||
| 11 | smite in a quote | present | small honour | a maiden | thus property | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus maiden=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 8447 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8447/4/91/