Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch, Opening, part 4, sentence 99
Quoth Sir Gawain: "An ye be so bold, lay but your hand again upon her, and I shall take so stern a pledge as, wist ye, shall dismay your heart, an it cost me my life.
Who acts: ye, evil knight, heart · What happens: be, lay, take, stern, wist, dismay · To what, where: pledge, ye, heart, life, evil knight, Quoth Gawain
This is a sentence of «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ye, evil knight, heart), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Quoth | Quoth | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Gawain | compound |
| 2 | Sir | Sir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Gawain | nmod:desc |
| 3 | Gawain | Gawain | PROPN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 10 bold | punct |
| 5 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 bold | punct |
| 6 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 bold | det |
| 7 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 10 bold | nsubj |
| 8 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 10 bold | cop |
| 9 | so | so | ADV | _ | 10 bold | advmod |
| 10 | bold | bold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 Gawain | parataxis |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 lay | punct |
| 12 | lay | lay | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 10 bold | parataxis |
| 13 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 15 hand | cc |
| 14 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 hand | nmod:poss |
| 15 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 lay | conj |
| 16 | again | again | ADV | _ | 12 lay | advmod |
| 17 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 18 her | case |
| 18 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 lay | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 take | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 take | cc |
| 21 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 23 take | nsubj |
| 22 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 23 take | aux |
| 23 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 lay | conj |
| 24 | so | so | ADV | _ | 25 stern | advmod |
| 25 | stern | stern | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 take | xcomp |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 pledge | det |
| 27 | pledge | pledge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 stern | obj |
| 28 | as | as | ADV | _ | 25 stern | advmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 wist | punct |
| 30 | wist | wist | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 take | parataxis |
| 31 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 30 wist | obj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 dismay | punct |
| 33 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 34 dismay | aux |
| 34 | dismay | dismay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 30 wist | conj |
| 35 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 36 heart | nmod:poss |
| 36 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 dismay | obj |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 cost | punct |
| 38 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 cost | det |
| 39 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 cost | nsubj |
| 40 | cost | cost | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 34 dismay | advcl |
| 41 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 40 cost | iobj |
| 42 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 43 life | nmod:poss |
| 43 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 cost | obj |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 Gawain | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is in a quote | infinitive | ye | bold property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | lay in a quote | infinitive | again | upon wise; your hand conj | vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent upon she=Destination | ||||
| 3 | take in a quote | shall | that evil knight = knight | vn require-103 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Precondition | |||||
| 4 | stern in a quote | infinitive | that evil knight = knight not said here | a pledge | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | wist in a quote | present | ye | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | dismay in a quote | shall | your heart | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus heart=Experiencer | |||||
| 7 | cost in a quote | past | heart | my life | that evil knight = knight | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Theme i=Beneficiary life=Value |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 8447 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8447/4/99/