The Happy Prince, and Other Tales, Opening, part 2, sentence 10
He told him of the red ibises, who stand in long rows on the banks of the Nile, and catch gold-fish in their beaks; of the Sphinx, who is as old as the world itself, and lives in the desert, and knows everything; of the merchants, who walk slowly by the side of their camels, and carry amber beads in their hands; of the King of the Mountains of the Moon, who is as black as ebony, and worships a large crystal; of the great green snake that sleeps in a palm-tree, and has twenty priests to feed it with honey-cakes; and of the pygmies who sail over a big lake on large flat leaves, and are always at war with the butterflies.
Who acts: Prince, red ibises, Sphinx, merchants, Moon, worships · What happens: tell, stand, catch, be, live, know · To what, where: Egypt, long rows, gold fish, beaks, desert, everything · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Happy Prince, and Other Tales» by Oscar Wilde, Opening, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Prince, red ibises, Sphinx, merchants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 told | nsubj |
| 2 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 told | iobj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 ibises | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 ibises | det |
| 6 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 ibises | amod |
| 7 | ibises | ibise | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 told | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 stand | punct |
| 9 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 stand | nsubj |
| 10 | stand | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 ibises | acl:relcl |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 rows | case |
| 12 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 rows | amod |
| 13 | rows | row | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 stand | obl |
| 14 | on | on | ADP | _ | 16 banks | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 banks | det |
| 16 | banks | bank | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 rows | nmod |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 Nile | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 Nile | det |
| 19 | Nile | Nile | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 banks | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 catch | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 catch | cc |
| 22 | catch | catch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres Typo=Yes VerbForm=Fin | 2 told | conj |
| 23 | gold | gold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 fish | compound |
| 24 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 23 gold | punct |
| 25 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 catch | obj |
| 26 | in | in | ADP | _ | 28 beaks | case |
| 27 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 beaks | nmod:poss |
| 28 | beaks | beak | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 catch | obl |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 Sphinx | punct |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 Sphinx | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 Sphinx | det |
| 32 | Sphinx | Sphinx | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 told | parataxis |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 old | punct |
| 34 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 37 old | nsubj |
| 35 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 old | cop |
| 36 | as | as | ADV | _ | 37 old | advmod |
| 37 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 Sphinx | amod |
| 38 | as | as | ADP | _ | 40 world | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 world | det |
| 40 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 old | obl |
| 41 | itself | itself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Emp Reflex=Yes | 40 world | nmod:unmarked |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 lives | punct |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 lives | cc |
| 44 | lives | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 told | parataxis |
| 45 | in | in | ADP | _ | 47 desert | case |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 desert | det |
| 47 | desert | desert | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 lives | obl |
| 48 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 50 knows | punct |
| 49 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 50 knows | cc |
| 50 | knows | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 44 lives | conj |
| 51 | everything | everything | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Tot | 50 knows | obj |
| 52 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 55 merchants | punct |
| 53 | of | of | ADP | _ | 55 merchants | case |
| 54 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 55 merchants | det |
| 55 | merchants | merchant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 told | ccomp |
| 56 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 58 walk | punct |
| 57 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 58 walk | nsubj |
| 58 | walk | walk | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 55 merchants | acl:relcl |
| 59 | slowly | slowly | ADV | _ | 58 walk | advmod |
| 60 | by | by | ADP | _ | 62 side | case |
| 61 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 62 side | det |
| 62 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 walk | obl |
| 63 | of | of | ADP | _ | 65 camels | case |
| 64 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 65 camels | nmod:poss |
| 65 | camels | camel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 62 side | nmod |
| 66 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 68 carry | punct |
| 67 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 68 carry | cc |
| 68 | carry | carry | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 58 walk | conj |
| 69 | amber | amber | NOUN | Number=Sing | 70 beads | compound |
| 70 | beads | bead | NOUN | Number=Plur | 68 carry | obj |
| 71 | in | in | ADP | _ | 73 hands | case |
| 72 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 73 hands | nmod:poss |
| 73 | hands | hand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 68 carry | obl |
| 74 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 77 King | punct |
| 75 | of | of | ADP | _ | 77 King | case |
| 76 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 77 King | det |
| 77 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 told | ccomp |
| 78 | of | of | ADP | _ | 80 Mountains | case |
| 79 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 80 Mountains | det |
| 80 | Mountains | Mountain | PROPN | Number=Plur | 77 King | nmod |
| 81 | of | of | ADP | _ | 83 Moon | case |
| 82 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 83 Moon | det |
| 83 | Moon | Moon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 80 Mountains | nmod |
| 84 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 88 black | punct |
| 85 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 88 black | nsubj |
| 86 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 88 black | cop |
| 87 | as | as | ADV | _ | 88 black | advmod |
| 88 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 83 Moon | amod |
| 89 | as | as | ADP | _ | 90 ebony | case |
| 90 | ebony | ebony | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 88 black | obl |
| 91 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 96 crystal | punct |
| 92 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 96 crystal | cc |
| 93 | worships | worship | NOUN | Number=Plur | 96 crystal | nsubj |
| 94 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 96 crystal | det |
| 95 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 96 crystal | amod |
| 96 | crystal | crystal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 told | parataxis |
| 97 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 102 snake | punct |
| 98 | of | of | ADP | _ | 102 snake | case |
| 99 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 102 snake | det |
| 100 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 102 snake | amod |
| 101 | green | green | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 102 snake | amod |
| 102 | snake | snake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 told | ccomp |
| 103 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 104 sleeps | nsubj |
| 104 | sleeps | sleep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 102 snake | acl:relcl |
| 105 | in | in | ADP | _ | 109 tree | case |
| 106 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 109 tree | det |
| 107 | palm | palm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 109 tree | compound |
| 108 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 107 palm | punct |
| 109 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 104 sleeps | obl |
| 110 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 112 has | punct |
| 111 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 112 has | cc |
| 112 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 told | ccomp |
| 113 | twenty | twenty | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 114 priests | nummod |
| 114 | priests | priest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 112 has | obj |
| 115 | to | to | PART | _ | 116 feed | mark |
| 116 | feed | feed | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 112 has | xcomp |
| 117 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 116 feed | obj |
| 118 | with | with | ADP | _ | 121 cakes | case |
| 119 | honey | honey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 121 cakes | compound |
| 120 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 119 honey | punct |
| 121 | cakes | cake | NOUN | Number=Plur | 116 feed | obl |
| 122 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 126 pygmies | punct |
| 123 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 126 pygmies | cc |
| 124 | of | of | ADP | _ | 126 pygmies | case |
| 125 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 126 pygmies | det |
| 126 | pygmies | pygmy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 told | conj |
| 127 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 128 sail | nsubj |
| 128 | sail | sail | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 126 pygmies | acl:relcl |
| 129 | over | over | ADP | _ | 132 lake | case |
| 130 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 132 lake | det |
| 131 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 132 lake | amod |
| 132 | lake | lake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 128 sail | obl |
| 133 | on | on | ADP | _ | 136 leaves | case |
| 134 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 136 leaves | amod |
| 135 | flat | flat | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 136 leaves | amod |
| 136 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 128 sail | obl |
| 137 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 142 war | punct |
| 138 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 142 war | cc |
| 139 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 142 war | cop |
| 140 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 142 war | advmod |
| 141 | at | at | ADP | _ | 142 war | case |
| 142 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 126 pygmies | nmod |
| 143 | with | with | ADP | _ | 145 butterflies | case |
| 144 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 145 butterflies | det |
| 145 | butterflies | butterfly | NOUN | Number=Plur | 142 war | nmod |
| 146 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 told | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tell speech: assert | past | Prince | Egypt | of the red ibises | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic | |||
| 2 | stand | present | the red ibises | long rows on the banks of the Nile | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in row=Location | ||||
| 3 | catch | present | Prince not said here | gold fish | fish's beaks | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Theme | |||
| 4 | is | present | the Sphinx | as the world world; old property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | live | present | the desert | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in desert=Location | |||||
| 6 | know | present | everything | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer everything=Stimulus | |||||
| 7 | walk | present | the merchants | by the side of fish's camels; slowly property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by side=Trajectory | ||||
| 8 | carry | infinitive | the merchants not said here | amber beads | fish's hands | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent bead=Value in hand=Location | |||
| 9 | is | present | the Moon | as ebony; black property | tree rules | ||||
| 10 | crystal | worships | tree rules | ||||||
| 11 | sleep | present | the great green snake | a palm tree | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in tree=Location | ||||
| 12 | have | present | twenty priests | tree rules | |||||
| 13 | feed | to-infinitive | twenty priests not said here | tree | with honey cakes | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Theme | |||
| 14 | sail | present | the pygmies | a big lake | on large flat leaves | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over lake=Trajectory | |||
| 15 | is | present | war | with the butterflies; always property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Happy Prince, and Other Tales» by Oscar Wilde, Project Gutenberg book 902 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg902/2/10/