Tanglewood Tales, The Dragon's Teeth., part 3, sentence 27
By and by, the rushing noise began to sound like articulate language.
What happens: rush, begin, sound, articulate · To what, where: language
This is a sentence of «Tanglewood Tales» by Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Dragon's Teeth., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | By | by | ADP | _ | 7 noise | case |
| 2 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 by | cc |
| 3 | by | by | ADP | _ | 1 By | conj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 By | punct |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 noise | det |
| 6 | rushing | rush | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 noise | amod |
| 7 | noise | noise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 began | obl |
| 8 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 sound | mark |
| 10 | sound | sound | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 began | xcomp |
| 11 | like | like | SCONJ | _ | 12 articulate | mark |
| 12 | articulate | articulate | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 sound | xcomp |
| 13 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 articulate | obj |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 began | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | rush | gerund | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | begin | past | by the rushing noise | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | sound | to-infinitive | tree rules | ||||||
| 4 | articulate speech: other | infinitive | language | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent language=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Tanglewood Tales» by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Project Gutenberg book 976 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg976/12/27/