Tanglewood Tales, The Golden Fleece., part 4, sentence 73

These, you will understand, were caused by the breath of the brazen bulls, which was quietly stealing out of their four nostrils, as they lay chewing their cuds.

Who acts: These, breath, brazen bulls, nostrils · What happens: understand, cause, steal, lay, chew · To what, where: four nostrils, cuds · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Tanglewood Tales» by Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Golden Fleece., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (These, breath, brazen bulls, nostrils), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	These	this	DET	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	5 understand	nsubj:outer
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 These	punct
3	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	5 understand	nsubj
4	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 understand	aux
5	understand	understand	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 caused	punct
7	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 caused	aux:pass
8	caused	cause	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 understand	ccomp
9	by	by	ADP	_	11 breath	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 breath	det
11	breath	breath	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 caused	obl
12	of	of	ADP	_	15 bulls	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 bulls	det
14	brazen	brazen	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 bulls	amod
15	bulls	bull	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 breath	nmod
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 stealing	punct
17	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	20 stealing	nsubj
18	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 stealing	aux
19	quietly	quietly	ADV	_	20 stealing	advmod
20	stealing	steal	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	15 bulls	acl
21	out	out	ADP	_	25 nostrils	case
22	of	of	ADP	_	25 nostrils	case
23	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	25 nostrils	nmod:poss
24	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	25 nostrils	nummod
25	nostrils	nostril	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 stealing	obl
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 lay	punct
27	as	as	SCONJ	_	29 lay	mark
28	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	29 lay	nsubj
29	lay	lay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 caused	conj
30	chewing	chew	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	29 lay	xcomp
31	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	32 cuds	nmod:poss
32	cuds	cud	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 chewing	obj
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 understand	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	understand	future	These				vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
2	cause	past · passive	the breath of the brazen bulls				vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition
3	steal	past · progressive	the brazen bulls		bulls's four nostrils	quietly property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme out nostril=Location
4	lay	present	nostrils = nostril				tree rules
5	chew	gerund	nostrils = nostril not said here	nostrils's cuds			vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cud=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Tanglewood Tales» by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Project Gutenberg book 976 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg976/28/73/