Exodus 18:26 שְׁמוֹת

Who acts: people · What happens: judge, bring · To what, where: people, hard causes, small matter

This is Exodus 18:26 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — people — and what happens in the verse to people, hard causes, small matter, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְשָׁפְט֥וּ אֶת־הָעָ֖ם בְּכָל־עֵ֑ת אֶת־הַדָּבָ֤ר הַקָּשֶׁה֙ יְבִיא֣וּן אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה וְכָל־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַקָּטֹ֖ן יִשְׁפּוּט֥וּ הֵֽם׃

And they judged the people at all seasons: the hard causes they brought unto Moses, but every small matter they judged themselves.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 שָׁפְט֥וּ	cc	and
2	שָׁפְט֥וּ	שָׁפַט	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they judged
3	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	5 עָ֖ם	case	(et)
4	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	5 עָ֖ם	det	the
5	עָ֖ם	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 שָׁפְט֥וּ	obj	people
6	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	7 כָל־	case	at
7	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 שָׁפְט֥וּ	obl	every
8	עֵ֑ת	עֵת	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 כָל־	compound:smixut	time
9	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	11 דָּבָ֤ר	case	(et)
10	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	11 דָּבָ֤ר	det	the
11	דָּבָ֤ר	דָּבָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 יְבִיא֣וּ	obj	matter
12	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	13 קָּשֶׁה֙	det	(the)
13	קָּשֶׁה֙	קָשֶׁה	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 דָּבָ֤ר	amod	difficult
14	יְבִיא֣וּ	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3	2 שָׁפְט֥וּ	parataxis	they
15	ן	נ	X	_	14 יְבִיא֣וּ	nmod	brought
16	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	17 מֹשֶׁ֔ה	case	to
17	מֹשֶׁ֔ה	מֹשֶׁה	PROPN	_	14 יְבִיא֣וּ	obl	Moses
18	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	24 יִשְׁפּוּט֥וּ	cc	and
19	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	24 יִשְׁפּוּט֥וּ	obj	every
20	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	21 דָּבָ֥ר	det	(the)
21	דָּבָ֥ר	דָּבָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	19 כָל־	compound:smixut	matter
22	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	23 קָּטֹ֖ן	det	(the)
23	קָּטֹ֖ן	קָטֹן	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	21 דָּבָ֥ר	amod	small
24	יִשְׁפּוּט֥וּ	שָׁפַט	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 שָׁפְט֥וּ	conj	they judged
25	הֵֽם	הֵם	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 יִשְׁפּוּט֥וּ	nsubj	they
26	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	25 הֵֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
שָׁפְטוּ they judged	weqatal · qal		עָם people
יְבִיאוּ they	yiqtol · hiphil	דָּבָר matter
יִשְׁפּוּטוּ they judged	yiqtol · qal	הֵֽם they	דָּבָר matter

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וְדַיְנִין יָת עַמָא בְּכָל עִדָן יָת פִתְגַם קָשֵׁי מַיְתִין לְוָת משֶׁה וְכָל פִּתְגַם זְעֵיר דָיְנִין אִנוּן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And they judged the people at all seasons: the hard causes they brought unto Moses, but every small matter they judged themselves.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:EXO:492.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.18.26/