Exodus 3:1 שְׁמוֹת

Who acts: Moses · What happens: keep, lead, come · To what, where: flock, farthest end, mountain

This is Exodus 3:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Moses — and what happens in the verse to flock, farthest end, mountain, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וּמֹשֶׁ֗ה הָיָ֥ה רֹעֶ֛ה אֶת־צֹ֛אן יִתְר֥וֹ חֹתְנ֖וֹ כֹּהֵ֣ן מִדְיָ֑ן וַיִּנְהַ֤ג אֶת־הַצֹּאן֙ אַחַ֣ר הַמִּדְבָּ֔ר וַיָּבֹ֛א אֶל־הַ֥ר הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים חֹרֵֽבָה׃

Now Moses was keeping the flock of Jethro his father-in-law, the priest of Midian; and he led the flock to the farthest end of the wilderness, and came to the mountain of God, unto Horeb.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	4 רֹעֶ֛ה	cc	and
2	מֹשֶׁ֗ה	מֹשֶׁה	PROPN	_	4 רֹעֶ֛ה	nsubj	Moses
3	הָיָ֥ה	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	4 רֹעֶ֛ה	cop	he was
4	רֹעֶ֛ה	רָעָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	root	root	pasturing
5	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	6 צֹ֛אן	case	(et)
6	צֹ֛אן	צֹאן	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 רֹעֶ֛ה	obj	the flock
7	יִתְר֥וֹ	יִתְרוֹ	PROPN	_	6 צֹ֛אן	compound:smixut	of Jethro
8	חֹתְנ	חֹתֵן	NOUN	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	7 יִתְר֥וֹ	appos	father-in-law
9	֖וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 חֹתְנ	nmod:poss	his
10	כֹּהֵ֣ן	כֹּהֵן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	7 יִתְר֥וֹ	appos	the priest
11	מִדְיָ֑ן	מִדְיָן	PROPN	_	10 כֹּהֵ֣ן	compound:smixut	of Midian
12	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	13 יִּנְהַ֤ג	cc	and
13	יִּנְהַ֤ג	נָהַג	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	4 רֹעֶ֛ה	conj	he drove
14	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	16 צֹּאן֙	case	(et)
15	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	16 צֹּאן֙	det	the
16	צֹּאן֙	צֹאן	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 יִּנְהַ֤ג	obj	flock
17	אַחַ֣ר	אַחַר	ADP	_	19 מִּדְבָּ֔ר	case	behind
18	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	19 מִּדְבָּ֔ר	det	the
19	מִּדְבָּ֔ר	מִדְבָּר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 יִּנְהַ֤ג	obl	wilderness
20	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	21 יָּבֹ֛א	cc	and
21	יָּבֹ֛א	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	4 רֹעֶ֛ה	conj	he came
22	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	23 הַ֥ר	case	to
23	הַ֥ר	הַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	21 יָּבֹ֛א	obl	the mountain
24	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	25 אֱלֹהִ֖ים	det	of (the)
25	אֱלֹהִ֖ים	אֱלֹהִים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	23 הַ֥ר	compound:smixut	God
26	חֹרֵֽב	חֹרֵב	PROPN	_	23 הַ֥ר	nmod	to
27	ָה	ה	X	_	26 חֹרֵֽב	nmod	Horeb
28	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	27 ָה	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
הָיָה he was	qatal · qal	מֹשֶׁה Moses
רֹעֶה pasturing	participle active · qal	מֹשֶׁה Moses	צֹאן the flock
יִּנְהַג he drove	wayyiqtol · qal	מֹשֶׁה Moses	צֹּאן flock
יָּבֹא he came	wayyiqtol · qal	מֹשֶׁה Moses

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וּמשֶׁה הֲּוָה רָעֵי יָת עָנָא דְיִתְרוֹ חֲמוֹהִי רַבָּא דְמִדְיָן וּדְבַר יָת עָנָא לְבָתַר שְׁפַר רַעֲיָא לְמַדְבְּרָא וְאָתָא לְטוּרָא דְאִתְגְלִי עֲלוֹהִי יְקָרָא דַיְיָ לְחוֹרֵב:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Now Moses was keeping the flock of Jethro his father-in-law, the priest of Midian; and he led the flock to the farthest end of the wilderness, and came to the mountain of God, unto Horeb.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:EXO:47.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.3.1/