Exodus 4:25 שְׁמוֹת

Who acts: Zipporah, thou · What happens: take, cut off, cast, say, be · To what, where: flint, foreskin, feet, bridegroom, me · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Exodus 4:25 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Zipporah, thou — and what happens in the verse to flint, foreskin, feet, bridegroom, me, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַתִּקַּ֨ח צִפֹּרָ֜ה צֹ֗ר וַתִּכְרֹת֙ אֶת־עָרְלַ֣ת בְּנָ֔הּ וַתַּגַּ֖ע לְרַגְלָ֑יו וַתֹּ֕אמֶר כִּ֧י חֲתַן־דָּמִ֛ים אַתָּ֖ה לִֽי׃

Then Zipporah took a flint, and cut off the foreskin of her son, and cast it at his feet; and she said: 'Surely a bridegroom of blood art thou to me.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 תִּקַּ֨ח	cc	and
2	תִּקַּ֨ח	לָקַח	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	she took
3	צִפֹּרָ֜ה	צִפֹּרָה	PROPN	_	2 תִּקַּ֨ח	nsubj	Zipporah
4	צֹ֗ר	צֹר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 תִּקַּ֨ח	obj	a flint
5	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	6 תִּכְרֹת֙	cc	and
6	תִּכְרֹת֙	כָּרַת	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 תִּקַּ֨ח	conj	she cut off
7	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	8 עָרְלַ֣ת	case	(et)
8	עָרְלַ֣ת	עׇרְלָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	6 תִּכְרֹת֙	obj	the foreskin
9	בְּנ	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 עָרְלַ֣ת	compound:smixut	her son
10	ָ֔הּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 בְּנ	nmod:poss	her
11	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 תַּגַּ֖ע	cc	and
12	תַּגַּ֖ע	נָגַע	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	2 תִּקַּ֨ח	conj	she made [it] touch
13	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	14 רַגְלָ֑י	case	(to)
14	רַגְלָ֑י	רֶגֶל	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Dual	12 תַּגַּ֖ע	obl	feet
15	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 רַגְלָ֑י	nmod:poss	his
16	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	17 תֹּ֕אמֶר	cc	and
17	תֹּ֕אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 תִּקַּ֨ח	conj	she said
18	כִּ֧י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	19 חֲתַן־	mark	(dm)
19	חֲתַן־	חָתָן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 תִּקַּ֨ח	advcl	[are] a bridegroom
20	דָּמִ֛ים	דָּם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	19 חֲתַן־	compound:smixut	of blood(s)
21	אַתָּ֖ה	אַתָּה	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	19 חֲתַן־	nsubj	you
22	ל	לְ	ADP	_	23 ִֽי	case	to
23	ִֽי	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	19 חֲתַן־	obl	me
24	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	23 ִֽי	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
תִּקַּח she took	wayyiqtol · qal	צִפֹּרָה Zipporah	צֹר a flint
תִּכְרֹת she cut off	wayyiqtol · qal	צִפֹּרָה Zipporah	עָרְלַת the foreskin
תַּגַּע she made [it] touch	wayyiqtol · hiphil	צִפֹּרָה Zipporah
תֹּאמֶר she said	wayyiqtol · qal	צִפֹּרָה Zipporah

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וּנְסֵיבַת צִפּוֹרָה טִנָרָא וּגְזָרַת יָת עָרְלַת בְּרַהּ וּקְרִיבַת לָקֳדָמוֹהִי וַאֲמֶ רֶת אֲרֵי בִדְמָא דִמְהֻלְתָּא הָדֵין אִתְיְהֵב חַתְנָא לָנָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Then Zipporah took a flint, and cut off the foreskin of her son, and cast it at his feet; and she said: 'Surely a bridegroom of blood art thou to me.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:EXO:93.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.4.25/