Genesis 1:20 בְּרֵאשִׁית

Who acts: God, waters, fowl · What happens: say, let, swarm, fly · To what, where: waters, fowl, earth · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Genesis 1:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — God, waters, fowl — and what happens in the verse to waters, fowl, earth, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֔ים יִשְׁרְצ֣וּ הַמַּ֔יִם שֶׁ֖רֶץ נֶ֣פֶשׁ חַיָּ֑ה וְעוֹף֙ יְעוֹפֵ֣ף עַל־הָאָ֔רֶץ עַל־פְּנֵ֖י רְקִ֥יעַ הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃

And God said: 'Let the waters swarm with swarms of living creatures, and let fowl fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יֹּ֣אמֶר	cc	and
2	יֹּ֣אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he said
3	אֱלֹהִ֔ים	אֱלֹהִים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 יֹּ֣אמֶר	nsubj	God
4	יִשְׁרְצ֣וּ	שָׁרַץ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יֹּ֣אמֶר	ccomp	let them swarm
5	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 מַּ֔יִם	det	the
6	מַּ֔יִם	מַיִם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	4 יִשְׁרְצ֣וּ	nsubj	waters
7	שֶׁ֖רֶץ	שֶׁרֶץ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 יִשְׁרְצ֣וּ	obl	swarming thing[s]
8	נֶ֣פֶשׁ	נֶפֶשׁ	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 שֶׁ֖רֶץ	compound:smixut	creature[s]
9	חַיָּ֑ה	חַי	ADJ	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	8 נֶ֣פֶשׁ	amod	living
10	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 יְעוֹפֵ֣ף	cc	and
11	עוֹף֙	עוֹף	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 יְעוֹפֵ֣ף	nsubj	bird[s]
12	יְעוֹפֵ֣ף	עוּף	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=POLEL Number=Sing Person=3	4 יִשְׁרְצ֣וּ	conj	let it fly
13	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	15 אָ֔רֶץ	case	above
14	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	15 אָ֔רֶץ	det	the
15	אָ֔רֶץ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 יְעוֹפֵ֣ף	obl	earth
16	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	17 פְּנֵ֖י	case	on
17	פְּנֵ֖י	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 יְעוֹפֵ֣ף	obl	the surface
18	רְקִ֥יעַ	רָקִיעַ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 פְּנֵ֖י	compound:smixut	of the firmament
19	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	20 שָּׁמָֽיִם	det	of
20	שָּׁמָֽיִם	שָׁמַיִם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	18 רְקִ֥יעַ	compound:smixut	the heavens
21	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	20 שָּׁמָֽיִם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	אֱלֹהִים God
יִשְׁרְצוּ let them swarm	yiqtol · qal	מַּיִם waters
יְעוֹפֵף let it fly	yiqtol · polel	עוֹף bird[s]

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וַאֲמַר יְיָ יִרְחֲשׁוּן מַיָּא רְחֵשׁ נַפְשָׁא חַיְתָא וְעוֹפָא יְפָרַח עַל אַרְעָא עַל אַפֵּי רְקִיעָא דִּשְׁמַיָּא

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And God said: 'Let the waters swarm with swarms of living creatures, and let fowl fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:GEN:19.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.1.20/