Genesis 1:8 בְּרֵאשִׁית

Who acts: God, evening, morning · What happens: call, be · To what, where: firmament · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Genesis 1:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — God, evening, morning — and what happens in the verse to firmament, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיִּקְרָ֧א אֱלֹהִ֛ים לָֽרָקִ֖יעַ שָׁמָ֑יִם וַֽיְהִי־עֶ֥רֶב וַֽיְהִי־בֹ֖קֶר י֥וֹם שֵׁנִֽי׃פ

And God called the firmament Heaven. And there was evening and there was morning, a second day.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יִּקְרָ֧א	cc	and
2	יִּקְרָ֧א	קָרָא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he called
3	אֱלֹהִ֛ים	אֱלֹהִים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 יִּקְרָ֧א	nsubj	God
4	לָֽ	לְ	ADP	_	6 רָקִ֖יעַ	case	(to)
5	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 רָקִ֖יעַ	det	the
6	רָקִ֖יעַ	רָקִיעַ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יִּקְרָ֧א	obl	firmament
7	שָׁמָ֑יִם	שָׁמַיִם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 יִּקְרָ֧א	obj	heaven
8	וַֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 יְהִי־	cc	and
9	יְהִי־	הָיָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יִּקְרָ֧א	conj	it was
10	עֶ֥רֶב	עֶרֶב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 יְהִי־	nsubj	evening
11	וַֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 יְהִי־	cc	and
12	יְהִי־	הָיָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יִּקְרָ֧א	conj	it was
13	בֹ֖קֶר	בֹּקֶר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 יְהִי־	nsubj	morning
14	י֥וֹם	יוֹם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יִּקְרָ֧א	parataxis	a day
15	שֵׁנִֽי	שֵׁנִי	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 י֥וֹם	nummod	second
16	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	15 שֵׁנִֽי	punct
17	פ	פ	PUNCT	_	15 שֵׁנִֽי	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יִּקְרָא he called	wayyiqtol · qal	אֱלֹהִים God	שָׁמָיִם heaven
יְהִי־ it was	wayyiqtol · qal	עֶרֶב evening
יְהִי־ it was	wayyiqtol · qal	בֹקֶר morning

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וּקְרָא יְיָ לִרְקִיעָא שְׁמַיָּא וַהֲוָה רְמַשׁ וַהֲוָה צְפַר יוֹם תִּנְיָן

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:GEN:7.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.1.8/