Genesis 18:28 בְּרֵאשִׁית

Who acts: five, Thou, righteous, I · What happens: lack, destroy, say, not destroy, find · To what, where: city, forty · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Genesis 18:28 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — five, Thou, righteous, I — and what happens in the verse to city, forty, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

א֠וּלַי יַחְסְר֞וּן חֲמִשִּׁ֤ים הַצַּדִּיקִם֙ חֲמִשָּׁ֔ה הֲתַשְׁחִ֥ית בַּחֲמִשָּׁ֖ה אֶת־כָּל־הָעִ֑יר וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לֹ֣א אַשְׁחִ֔ית אִם־אֶמְצָ֣א שָׁ֔ם אַרְבָּעִ֖ים וַחֲמִשָּֽׁה׃

Peradventure there shall lack five of the fifty righteous; wilt Thou destroy all the city for lack of five?' And He said: 'I will not destroy it, if I find there forty and five.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	א֠וּלַי	אוּלַי	ADV	_	2 יַחְסְר֞וּ	advmod	perhaps
2	יַחְסְר֞וּ	חָסֵר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	9 תַשְׁחִ֥ית	parataxis	they
3	ן	נ	X	_	2 יַחְסְר֞וּ	nmod	will lack
4	חֲמִשִּׁ֤ים	חָמֵשׁ	NUM	Number=Plur	6 צַּדִּיקִם֙	nummod	fifty
5	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 צַּדִּיקִם֙	det	the righteous
6	צַּדִּיקִם֙	צַדִּיק	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 יַחְסְר֞וּ	nsubj	[people]
7	חֲמִשָּׁ֔ה	חָמֵשׁ	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יַחְסְר֞וּ	obj	five
8	הֲ	הֲ	PART	_	9 תַשְׁחִ֥ית	advmod	will
9	תַשְׁחִ֥ית	שָׁחַת	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=2	root	root	you destroy?
10	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	11 חֲמִשָּׁ֖ה	case	for
11	חֲמִשָּׁ֖ה	חָמֵשׁ	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 תַשְׁחִ֥ית	obl	five
12	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	13 כָּל־	case	(et)
13	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 תַשְׁחִ֥ית	obj	all
14	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	15 עִ֑יר	det	the
15	עִ֑יר	עִיר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	13 כָּל־	compound:smixut	city
16	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	17 יֹּ֙אמֶר֙	cc	and
17	יֹּ֙אמֶר֙	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	9 תַשְׁחִ֥ית	conj	he said
18	לֹ֣א	לֹא	ADV	_	19 אַשְׁחִ֔ית	advmod	not
19	אַשְׁחִ֔ית	שָׁחַת	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=1	17 יֹּ֙אמֶר֙	ccomp	I will destroy [it]
20	אִם־	אִם	SCONJ	_	21 אֶמְצָ֣א	mark	if
21	אֶמְצָ֣א	מָצָא	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	19 אַשְׁחִ֔ית	parataxis	I will find
22	שָׁ֔ם	שָׁם	ADV	_	21 אֶמְצָ֣א	advmod	there
23	אַרְבָּעִ֖ים	אַרְבַּע	NUM	Number=Plur	21 אֶמְצָ֣א	obj	forty
24	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	25 חֲמִשָּֽׁה	cc	and
25	חֲמִשָּֽׁה	חָמֵשׁ	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	23 אַרְבָּעִ֖ים	conj	five
26	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	25 חֲמִשָּֽׁה	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: promise
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
the frame alone: decl · assert · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יַחְסְרוּ they	yiqtol · qal	צַּדִּיקִם [people]	חֲמִשָּׁה five
תַשְׁחִית you destroy?	yiqtol · hiphil	עִיר city
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal
not אַשְׁחִית I will destroy [it]	yiqtol · hiphil	עִיר city
אֶמְצָא I will find	yiqtol · qal		אַרְבָּעִים forty + חֲמִשָּֽׁה five

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

מָאִים יַחְסְרוּן חַמְשִׁין זַכָּאִין חַמְשָׁא הַתְחַבֵּל בְּחַמְשָׁא יָת כָּל קַרְתָּא וַאֲמַר לָא אֲחַבֵּל אִם אַשְׁכַּח תַּמָּן אַרְבְּעִין וְחַמְשָׁא

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Peradventure there shall lack five of the fifty righteous; wilt Thou destroy all the city for lack of five?' And He said: 'I will not destroy it, if I find there forty and five.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:GEN:452.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.18.28/