Genesis 19:28 בְּרֵאשִׁית

Who acts: Abraham, smoke, land, furnace · What happens: look out, behold, go up, smoke

This is Genesis 19:28 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Abraham, smoke, land, furnace — and what happens in the verse, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיַּשְׁקֵ֗ף עַל־פְּנֵ֤י סְדֹם֙ וַעֲמֹרָ֔ה וְעַֽל־כָּל־פְּנֵ֖י אֶ֣רֶץ הַכִּכָּ֑ר וַיַּ֗רְא וְהִנֵּ֤ה עָלָה֙ קִיטֹ֣ר הָאָ֔רֶץ כְּקִיטֹ֖ר הַכִּבְשָֽׁן׃

And he looked out toward Sodom and Gomorrah, and toward all the land of the Plain, and beheld, and, lo, the smoke of the land went up as the smoke of a furnace.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יַּשְׁקֵ֗ף	cc	and
2	יַּשְׁקֵ֗ף	שָׁקַף	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he looked down
3	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	4 פְּנֵ֤י	case	on
4	פְּנֵ֤י	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 יַּשְׁקֵ֗ף	obl	the face
5	סְדֹם֙	סְדֹם	PROPN	_	4 פְּנֵ֤י	compound:smixut	of Sodom
6	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	7 עֲמֹרָ֔ה	cc	and
7	עֲמֹרָ֔ה	עֲמֹרָה	PROPN	_	5 סְדֹם֙	conj	Gomorrah
8	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	10 כָּל־	cc	and
9	עַֽל־	עַל	ADP	_	10 כָּל־	case	on
10	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 פְּנֵ֤י	conj	all
11	פְּנֵ֖י	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 כָּל־	compound:smixut	the face
12	אֶ֣רֶץ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 פְּנֵ֖י	compound:smixut	of the land
13	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	14 כִּכָּ֑ר	det	of
14	כִּכָּ֑ר	כִּכָּר	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 אֶ֣רֶץ	compound:smixut	the valley
15	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	16 יַּ֗רְא	cc	and
16	יַּ֗רְא	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַּשְׁקֵ֗ף	conj	he saw
17	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	19 עָלָה֙	cc	and
18	הִנֵּ֤ה	הִנֵּה	INTJ	_	19 עָלָה֙	discourse	there!
19	עָלָה֙	עָלָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַּשְׁקֵ֗ף	conj	it went up
20	קִיטֹ֣ר	קִיטוֹר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	19 עָלָה֙	nsubj	the smoke
21	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	22 אָ֔רֶץ	det	of
22	אָ֔רֶץ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 קִיטֹ֣ר	compound:smixut	the land
23	כְּ	כְּ	ADP	_	24 קִיטֹ֖ר	case	like
24	קִיטֹ֖ר	קִיטוֹר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	19 עָלָה֙	obl	the smoke
25	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	26 כִּבְשָֽׁן	det	of (the)
26	כִּבְשָֽׁן	כִּבְשָׁן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	24 קִיטֹ֖ר	compound:smixut	kiln
27	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	26 כִּבְשָֽׁן	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
יַּשְׁקֵף he looked down	wayyiqtol · hiphil
יַּרְא he saw	wayyiqtol · qal
עָלָה it went up	qatal · qal	קִיטֹר the smoke

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וְאִסְתְּכִי עַל אַפֵּי סְדוֹם וַעֲמוֹרָה וְעַל כָּל אַפֵּי אַרְעָא דְּמֵישְׁרָא וַחֲזָא וְהָא סְלִיק תְּנָנָא דְּאַרְעָא כִּתְנָנָא דְּאַתּוּנָא

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And he looked out toward Sodom and Gomorrah, and toward all the land of the Plain, and beheld, and, lo, the smoke of the land went up as the smoke of a furnace.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:GEN:485.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.19.28/