Genesis 28:18 בְּרֵאשִׁית

Who acts: Jacob · What happens: rise up, take, put, set up, pour · To what, where: stone, head, place, oil

This is Genesis 28:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Jacob — and what happens in the verse to stone, head, place, oil, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֨ם יַעֲקֹ֜ב בַּבֹּ֗קֶר וַיִּקַּ֤ח אֶת־הָאֶ֙בֶן֙ אֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֣ם מְרַֽאֲשֹׁתָ֔יו וַיָּ֥שֶׂם אֹתָ֖הּ מַצֵּבָ֑ה וַיִּצֹ֥ק שֶׁ֖מֶן עַל־רֹאשָֽׁהּ׃

And Jacob rose up early in the morning, and took the stone that he had put under his head, and set it up for a pillar, and poured oil upon the top of it.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יַּשְׁכֵּ֨ם	cc	and
2	יַּשְׁכֵּ֨ם	שָׁכַם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he rose early
3	יַעֲקֹ֜ב	יַעֲקֹב	PROPN	_	2 יַּשְׁכֵּ֨ם	nsubj	Jacob
4	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	6 בֹּ֗קֶר	case	in
5	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 בֹּ֗קֶר	det	the
6	בֹּ֗קֶר	בֹּקֶר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יַּשְׁכֵּ֨ם	obl	morning
7	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	8 יִּקַּ֤ח	cc	and
8	יִּקַּ֤ח	לָקַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַּשְׁכֵּ֨ם	conj	he took
9	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	11 אֶ֙בֶן֙	case	(et)
10	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	11 אֶ֙בֶן֙	det	the
11	אֶ֙בֶן֙	אֶבֶן	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	8 יִּקַּ֤ח	obj	stone
12	אֲשֶׁר־	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	13 שָׂ֣ם	mark	which
13	שָׂ֣ם	שׂים	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	11 אֶ֙בֶן֙	acl:relcl	he had put
14	מְרַֽאֲשֹׁתָ֔י	מְרַאֲשָׁוֹת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	13 שָׂ֣ם	obl	of his head
15	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 מְרַֽאֲשֹׁתָ֔י	nmod:poss	the place
16	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	17 יָּ֥שֶׂם	cc	and
17	יָּ֥שֶׂם	שׂים	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַּשְׁכֵּ֨ם	conj	he set up
18	אֹת	אֵת	ADP	_	19 ָ֖הּ	case
19	ָ֖הּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 יָּ֥שֶׂם	obj	it
20	מַצֵּבָ֑ה	מַצֵּבָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	17 יָּ֥שֶׂם	xcomp	a pillar
21	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	22 יִּצֹ֥ק	cc	and
22	יִּצֹ֥ק	יָצַק	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַּשְׁכֵּ֨ם	conj	he poured
23	שֶׁ֖מֶן	שֶׁמֶן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	22 יִּצֹ֥ק	obj	oil
24	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	25 רֹאשׁ	case	on
25	רֹאשׁ	רֹאשׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	22 יִּצֹ֥ק	obl	top
26	ָֽהּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 רֹאשׁ	nmod:poss	its
27	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	26 ָֽהּ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יַּשְׁכֵּם he rose early	wayyiqtol · hiphil	יַעֲקֹב Jacob
יִּקַּח he took	wayyiqtol · qal	יַעֲקֹב Jacob	אֶבֶן stone
שָׂם he had put	qatal · qal	יַעֲקֹב Jacob	אֶבֶן stone
יָּשֶׂם he set up	wayyiqtol · qal	יַעֲקֹב Jacob	ָהּ it
יִּצֹק he poured	wayyiqtol · qal	יַעֲקֹב Jacob	שֶׁמֶן oil

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וְאַקְדֵים יַעֲקֹב בְּצַפְרָא וּנְסִיב יָת אַבְנָא דִי שַׁוִּי אִסָדוֹהִי וְשַׁוִּי יָתַהּ קָמָא וַאֲרִיק מִשְׁחָא עַל רֵישֵׁהּ

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And Jacob rose up early in the morning, and took the stone that he had put under his head, and set it up for a pillar, and poured oil upon the top of it.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:GEN:791.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.28.18/